Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 30

Śākadvīpa–Pramāṇa–Varṇana

Measurements and Description of Śākadvīpa

स राजा स शिवो राजन्‌ स पिता प्रपितामह: । गोपायति नरश्रेष्ठ प्रजाःसजडपण्डिता:,नरश्रेष्ठ! प्रजापति ही वहाँके राजा हैं। वे कल्याणस्वरूप होकर सबका कल्याण करते हैं। राजन! वे ही पिता और प्रपितामह हैं। जडसे लेकर चेतनतक समस्त प्रजाकी वे ही रक्षा करते हैं

sa rājā sa śivo rājan sa pitā prapitāmahaḥ | gopāyati naraśreṣṭha prajāḥ sa jaḍapaṇḍitāḥ ||

राजन्! तोच खरा राजा; तोच शिवस्वरूप कल्याण आहे; तो सर्वांचे हित करतो. तो प्रजेस पिता व प्रपितामहासारखा आहे. नरश्रेष्ठ! जडबुद्धीपासून पंडितांपर्यंत सर्व प्रजेचे तो रक्षण करतो.

सःhe/that (king)
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजाking
राजा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शिवःauspicious; beneficent
शिवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशिव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पिताfather
पिता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रपितामहःgreat-grandfather
प्रपितामहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपितामह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गोपायतिprotects
गोपायति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगुप् (गोपाय-)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
नरश्रेष्ठO best of men
नरश्रेष्ठ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनरश्रेष्ठ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
प्रजाःsubjects; creatures
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
together with
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जडdull; inert (ones)
जड:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootजड
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पण्डिताःlearned (ones)
पण्डिताः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपण्डित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressed as rājan)
T
the king/ruler being praised (implicit)
P
prajāḥ (subjects/people)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents an ideal of rājadharma: a true king is defined by beneficence and protection. He must safeguard all subjects without discrimination—wise and unwise alike—acting as a paternal guardian whose legitimacy rests on welfare and care.

Sañjaya, reporting to King Dhṛtarāṣṭra, praises the nature of rightful rulership. In the war-context of Bhīṣma Parva, this functions as a moral frame: even amid conflict, the standard for a ruler is the protection and well-being of the people.