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Shloka 7

Go-mahātmyam: Pavitrāṇāṃ Pavitraṃ

Cows and Ghee as Supreme Purifiers

रुष्टा दुष्टा व्याधिता दुर्बला वा नो दातव्या याश्र मूल्यैरदत्तै: । क्लेशैविंप्रं योडफलै: संयुनक्ति तस्यावीर्याश्षवाफलाश्वैव लोका:

bhīṣma uvāca |

ruṣṭā duṣṭā vyādhitā durbalā vā na dātavyā yāś ca mūlyair adattaiḥ |

kleśa eva vipraṁ yo ’phalaiḥ saṁyunakti tasyāvīryāś ca aphalāś caiva lokāḥ ||

भीष्म म्हणाले—रागीट, दुष्ट स्वभावाची, रोगी किंवा दुर्बल, तसेच ज्याची किंमत दिलेली नाही अशी गाय दान करू नये. जो अशा निष्फळ दानाने ब्राह्मणाला केवळ क्लेश देतो, त्याला देखील निर्बल व निष्फळ लोकच प्राप्त होतात.

रुष्टाangry
रुष्टा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootरुष्ट (रुष्-धातु से क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दुष्टाwicked/ill-natured
दुष्टा:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुष्ट (दुष्-धातु से क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
व्याधिताdiseased
व्याधिता:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्याधित (व्याध्-धातु से क्त)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
दुर्बलाweak
दुर्बला:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्बल
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दातव्याto be given / fit to be given
दातव्या:
TypeAdjective
Rootदा (धातु) + तव्य
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
याwhich (cow)
या:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
अश्रtear
अश्र:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
मूल्यैःwith prices / by payment
मूल्यैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमूल्य
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
अदत्तैःnot given / unpaid
अदत्तैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअदत्त (दा-धातु से क्त, नञ्-पूर्वक)
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
क्लेशैःwith troubles / by hardships
क्लेशैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्लेश
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
विप्रंa Brahmin
विप्रं:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootविप्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अफलैःwith fruitless (things)
अफलैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअफल
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
संयुनक्तिyokes/joins; subjects (someone) to
संयुनक्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + युज्
FormPresent, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
तस्यof him
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अवीर्याःpowerless/without vigor
अवीर्याः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअवीर्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अफलाःfruitless
अफलाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअफल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
एवindeed/only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
लोकाःworlds/realms (as results)
लोकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (vipra)
C
Cow (go)

Educational Q&A

Charity must be clean, rightful, and genuinely beneficial to the recipient. Donating a cow that is unfit (angry, vicious, sick, weak) or not lawfully acquired (unpaid) is not true dāna; it becomes a burden on the Brahmin and yields no spiritual merit.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma lays down standards for proper gifting—specifically cow-donation—warning that improper gifts harm the recipient and lead the giver to barren, powerless posthumous results.