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Shloka 45

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

सर्प! तेरे मतके अनुसार यदि दुष्टतापूर्ण कार्य करके भी कर्ता उस दोषसे लिप्त नहीं होता है

sarpa uvāca | kāryābhāve kriyā na syāt saty asaty api kāraṇe | tasmāt same 'smin hetau me vācyo hetur viśeṣataḥ ||

सर्प म्हणाला—“फल नसताना क्रिया घडली असे म्हणता येत नाही, कारण उपस्थित असले तरीही. म्हणून या प्रसंगात आम्ही (मी आणि मृत्यु) दोघेही कारणरूपाने समान भासलो, तरी दोष विशेषतः त्या प्रेरकावरच येतो जो कर्माला चालना देतो व दिशा देतो. जर तू या बालकाच्या मृत्यूचे खरे कारण मला मानत असशील, तर ती तुझी चूक आहे; विचार केला असता प्रेरक—मृत्यूच—प्राणिनाशात अपराधी ठरतो, कारण संहाराला तोच प्रवृत्त करतो.”

सर्पO serpent
सर्प:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
कार्यin (the presence of) an effect / result
कार्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकार्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अभावेin the absence
अभावे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअभाव
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
क्रियाaction
क्रिया:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रिया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
स्यात्would be / could occur
स्यात्:
TypeVerb
Rootअस्
FormOptative, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सत्यwhen (a cause is) existent/real
सत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
असत्यwhen (a cause is) non-existent/unreal
असत्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootअसत्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कारणेin the cause
कारणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकारण
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतस्मात् (तद्)
समेin an equal (state)
समे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
हेतौin the cause / as a cause
हेतौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
मेmy
मे:
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
वाच्यःto be stated / to be spoken of
वाच्यः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवाच्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हेतुःcause
हेतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootहेतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विशेषतःespecially / particularly
विशेषतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootविशेषतः

सर्प उवाच

सर्प (Sarpa, the serpent)
व्याध (Vyādha, the hunter)
मृत्यु (Mṛtyu, Death)
बालक (a child, implied in the prose context)

Educational Q&A

The verse distinguishes mere instrumental involvement from true moral responsibility: when multiple factors seem causal, blame should be assigned especially to the decisive instigator (the one who impels the act), not automatically to the nearest instrument.

In a debate about culpability for a child’s death, the serpent argues that although he appears to be a cause, the deeper and more decisive cause is Death, portrayed as the impelling force behind the destruction of beings; thus the serpent contests being treated as the primary offender.