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Shloka 19

समन्तपञ्चक-आख्यानम् तथा अक्षौहिणी-प्रमाणनिर्णयः

Samantapañcaka Narrative and the Measure of an Akṣauhiṇī

सौतिरुवाच एको रथो गजकश्लनैको नरा: पञठच पदातय: । त्रयश्न तुरगास्तज्ज्ञैः पत्तिरित्यभिधीयते,उग्रश्रवाजीने कहा--एक रथ, एक हाथी, पाँच पैदल सैनिक और तीन घोड़े--बस, इन्हींको सेनाके मर्मज्ञ विद्वानोंने 'पत्ति' कहा है

sautir uvāca—eko ratho gajaś caikaḥ narāḥ pañca padātayaḥ | trayaś ca turagās tajjñaiḥ pattir ity abhidhīyate ||

सौति म्हणाला—एक रथ, एक हत्ती, पाच पायदळ सैनिक आणि तीन घोडे—सेनाविद्येचे मर्म जाणणाऱ्यांनी या एककास ‘पत्ती’ असे म्हटले आहे.

सूतिःSauti (Ugraśravas), the narrator
सूतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
एकःone
एकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootएक (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
रथःchariot
रथः:
TypeNoun
Rootरथ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
गजःelephant
गजः:
TypeNoun
Rootगज (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
अश्वाःhorses
अश्वाः:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नराःmen (soldiers)
नराः:
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पञ्चfive
पञ्च:
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च (संख्या/अव्ययवत्)
पदातयःfoot-soldiers
पदातयः:
TypeNoun
Rootपदाति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तुरगाःhorses
तुरगाः:
TypeNoun
Rootतुरग (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तत्that (set/that unit)
तत्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ज्ञैःby knowers/experts
ज्ञैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञ (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
पत्तिःa 'patti' unit (infantry unit in akṣauhiṇī reckoning)
पत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootपत्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
अभिधीयतेis called/ is designated
अभिधीयते:
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-धा (धातु)
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Ātmanepada (passive sense)

राम उवाच

S
Sauti (Ugraśravas)
R
ratha (chariot)
G
gaja (elephant)
T
turaga (horses)
P
padāti (foot-soldiers)
P
patti (military unit)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches that warfare in the epic world is not merely chaotic violence but is governed by recognized standards and expert knowledge—here, a precise definition of the smallest troop-unit (‘patti’) used for counting and organizing armies.

In the early Adi Parva frame narration, Sauti (Ugraśravas) explains technical terms related to armies by defining what constitutes a ‘patti’: one chariot, one elephant, three horses, and five infantrymen.