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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 18

Sapta-dvīpa Cosmography and the Vision of Śvetadvīpa–Vaikuṇṭha

कपिला ब्राह्मणाः प्रोक्ता राजानश्चारुणास्तथा / पीता वैश्याः स्मृताः कृष्णा द्वीपे ऽस्मिन् वृषला द्विजाः

kapilā brāhmaṇāḥ proktā rājānaścāruṇāstathā / pītā vaiśyāḥ smṛtāḥ kṛṣṇā dvīpe 'smin vṛṣalā dvijāḥ

या द्वीपात ब्राह्मण कपिलवर्णाचे सांगितले आहेत, राजेही तसेच उज्ज्वलवर्णाचे आहेत. वैश्य पिवळसर वर्णाचे स्मरणात आहेत, शूद्र कृष्णवर्णाचे. येथे तर द्विजही आचारभ्रंशामुळे ‘वृषल’ मानले जातात.

कपिलाःtawny/kapila-colored
कपिलाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकपिल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (ब्राह्मणाः)
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
प्रोक्ताःare declared
प्रोक्ताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वच् (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'are declared/called'
राजानःkings
राजानः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (and)
अरुणाःreddish
अरुणाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootअरुण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (राजानः)
तथाthus/likewise
तथा:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formप्रकारवाचक अव्यय (thus/so)
पीताःyellow
पीताः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootपीत (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (वैश्याः)
वैश्याःVaiśyas
वैश्याः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
स्मृताःare regarded
स्मृताः:
Kriya (क्रिया/participial predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle, क्त); पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; 'are considered/remembered'
कृष्णाःblack/dark
कृष्णाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण/qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; विशेषण (द्विजाः/वृषलाः)
द्वीपेin the island/continent
द्वीपे:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootद्वीप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन
अस्मिन्in this
अस्मिन्:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण/location)
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुं/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (Locative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वृषलाःŚūdras/outcastes (vṛṣalas)
वृषलाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootवृषल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन
द्विजाःtwice-born (people)
द्विजाः:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

Sūta (narrator) recounting the Purāṇic cosmography to the sages (contextual narrative voice of the Kurma Purana)

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: karuna

B
Brahmana
K
Kshatriya (Rajan)
V
Vaishya
S
Shudra (implied by vṛṣala usage)

FAQs

This verse is primarily cosmographic and socio-ethical, describing varna-identities and conduct in a particular dvīpa; it does not directly teach Ātman-doctrine, but it implies that dharma (right conduct) is the standard by which spiritual status is judged rather than birth alone.

No specific yogic technique is taught in this verse; its practical takeaway aligns with Kurma Purana’s broader dharma-yoga framework: purification of conduct (ācāra-śuddhi) is prerequisite to higher disciplines like japa, vrata, and meditative yoga described elsewhere (including themes associated with Pāśupata-oriented practice).

It does not explicitly mention Śiva or Viṣṇu; however, within the Kurma Purana’s Shaiva-Vaishnava synthesis, such dharma-oriented classifications are framed as part of a single divine order (īśvara-śāsana) upheld by the Supreme, whether spoken through Kurma (Viṣṇu) or aligned with Śaiva ethical ideals.