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Shloka 21

Mādhayameśvara-māhātmya — Vyāsa at Mandākinī and the Pāśupata Vision

अत्र पूर्वं हृषीकेशो विश्वात्मा देवकीसुतः / उवास वत्सरं कृष्णः सदा पाशुपतैर्वृतः

atra pūrvaṃ hṛṣīkeśo viśvātmā devakīsutaḥ / uvāsa vatsaraṃ kṛṣṇaḥ sadā pāśupatairvṛtaḥ

येथे पूर्वी हृषीकेश—विश्वात्मा देवकीपुत्र कृष्ण—एक वर्ष वास करीत होता, सदैव पाशुपतांनी वेढलेला।

अत्रhere
अत्र:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअत्र (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of place
पूर्वम्formerly/before
पूर्वम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time (पूर्वकाले)
हृषीकेशःHṛṣīkeśa
हृषीकेशः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootहृषीक (प्रातिपदिक) + ईश (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; समास: हृषीकाणाम् ईशः (Lord of the senses)
विश्व-आत्माthe universal Self
विश्व-आत्मा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootविश्व (प्रातिपदिक) + आत्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; समास: विश्वः आत्मा (the soul of the universe)
देवकी-सुतःson of Devakī
देवकी-सुतः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootदेवकी (प्रातिपदिक) + सुत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular; समास: देवक्याः सुतः
उवासdwelt/stayed
उवास:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद
वत्सरम्for a year
वत्सरम्:
Kāla (काल)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Accusative (2nd), Singular; duration-accusative (कालावधि-द्वितीया)
कृष्णःKṛṣṇa
कृष्णः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootकृष्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Singular; apposition to Hṛṣīkeśa
सदाalways
सदा:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of time
पाशुपतैःby/with the Pāśupatas (followers of Paśupati)
पाशुपतैः:
Sahakāraka (सहकारक)
TypeNoun
Rootपाशुपत (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd), Plural
वृतःsurrounded
वृतः:
Kriyā (predicate participle)
TypeVerb
Root√वृ (धातु)
Formक्त (Past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Narratorial voice (Purana narrator describing a sacred site/episode to the listening sages)

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

H
Hrisikesa (Krishna/Vishnu)
D
Devaki
P
Pashupatas
P
Pashupati (Shiva)

FAQs

By calling Kṛṣṇa “viśvātmā” (the Cosmic Self), the verse presents him as the indwelling Self of all beings, not merely a historical person—supporting a theistic non-dual vision where the Supreme pervades the universe.

The verse signals a Pāśupata milieu—association with Śiva’s devotees—implying disciplined sādhana grounded in devotion, restraint of the senses (Hṛṣīkeśa motif), and living in sanctified company (satsaṅga) at a tīrtha.

It portrays Kṛṣṇa (Vishnu) dwelling “ever surrounded by Pāśupatas,” suggesting harmony rather than rivalry: Vishnu is honored within a Śaiva devotional setting, reflecting the Kurma Purana’s synthesis of Śiva-Vishnu unity.