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Shloka 23

Jarāsandha’s Siege of Mathurā, Kṛṣṇa-Balarāma’s Victory, and the Founding of Dvārakā amid Kālayavana’s Threat

गृह्णन् निशङ्गादथ सन्दधच्छरान् विकृष्य मुञ्चन् शितबाणपूगान् । निघ्नन् रथान् कुञ्जरवाजिपत्तीन् निरन्तरं यद्वदलातचक्रम् ॥ २३ ॥

gṛhṇan niśaṅgād atha sandadhac charān vikṛṣya muñcan śita-bāṇa-pūgān nighnan rathān kuñjara-vāji-pattīn nirantaraṁ yadvad alāta-cakram

भगवान श्रीकृष्णांनी भात्यातून बाण घेऊन धनुष्यावर चढवले, प्रत्यंचा ओढून तीक्ष्ण बाणांची अखंड वर्षा केली. त्या बाणांनी शत्रूंचे रथ, हत्ती, घोडे व पायदळ कोसळले; प्रभूंचा बाणवर्षाव जणू ज्वलंत अग्निचक्रासारखा भासला।

gṛhṇantaking/holding
gṛhṇan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootgrah (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle, Śatṛ); प्रथमा एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (Masc. Nom. Sg.)
niśaṅgātfrom the quiver
niśaṅgāt:
Apadana (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootniśaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (अपादान), एकवचन (Masc. Abl. Sg.)
athathen
atha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatha (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; क्रमसूचक/अनन्तरार्थक (indeclinable, then/thereupon)
sandadhatfixing/placing (on the bow)
sandadhat:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootsam+dhā (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle); प्रथमा एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (Masc. Nom. Sg.)
śarānarrows
śarān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masc. Acc. Pl.)
vikṛṣyahaving drawn (the bowstring)
vikṛṣya:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeVerb
Rootvi+kṛṣ (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त अव्यय (Gerund/Absolutive); क्रियाविशेषण (having drawn/pulled back)
muñcanreleasing
muñcan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootmuc (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle); प्रथमा एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (Masc. Nom. Sg.)
śita-bāṇa-pūgānclusters of sharp arrows
śita-bāṇa-pūgān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootśita (प्रातिपदिक) + bāṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + pūga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masc. Acc. Pl.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/विशेषणपूर्वक समास: शिताः बाणाः येषां ते पूगाः (clusters of sharp arrows)
nighnanstriking down
nighnan:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootni+han (धातु)
Formवर्तमानकाले शतृ-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (Present active participle); प्रथमा एकवचनम्, पुंलिङ्ग (Masc. Nom. Sg.)
rathānchariots
rathān:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootratha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masc. Acc. Pl.)
kuñjara-vāji-pattīnelephant-, horse-, and foot-soldiers
kuñjara-vāji-pattīn:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkuñjara (प्रातिपदिक) + vāji (प्रातिपदिक) + patti (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (कर्म), बहुवचन (Masc. Acc. Pl.); इतरेतर-द्वन्द्व: कुञ्जराश्च वाजिनश्च पत्तयश्च (elephant-, horse-, and foot-soldiers)
nirantaramcontinuously
nirantaram:
Kriya-viseshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnirantara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावेन क्रियाविशेषणवत् (adverbial use: continuously)
yadvatjust as
yadvat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/उपमान)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadvat (अव्यय)
Formउपमानवाचक अव्यय (indeclinable of comparison: just as)
alāta-cakrama whirling circle of a firebrand
alāta-cakram:
Upamana (उपमान)
TypeNoun
Rootalāta (प्रातिपदिक) + cakra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन (Neut. Nom./Acc. Sg.); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: अलातस्य चक्रम् (a firebrand’s circle)
K
Kālayaavana

FAQs

The verse describes Kālayaavana (the Yavana king) rapidly taking arrows from his quiver, shooting them in volleys, and cutting down chariots, elephants, horses, and infantry while issuing continuous commands.

In Canto 10, Chapter 50, Śukadeva Gosvāmī narrates the Yavana invasion of Mathurā. This verse highlights the intensity and organization of Kālayaavana’s assault, setting the stage for Kṛṣṇa’s strategy that ultimately leads to Mucukunda’s deliverance.

The verse shows how aggressive, well-coordinated worldly power can appear overwhelming; a devotee learns to seek Kṛṣṇa’s guidance and protection rather than relying solely on external strength or panic in crisis.