मणिः कौटोमालेयकः पारसमुद्रकश्च ॥ कZ_०२.११.२८ ॥
maṇiḥ kauṭomāleyakaḥ pārasamudrakaśca
रत्नांमध्ये ‘कौटोमालेयक’ आणि ‘पारसमुद्रक’ (असे प्रकार) येतात।
Origin labels allow differentiated pricing, duty assessment, and risk controls (counterfeits, substitution) in long-distance luxury trade.