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Agni Purana — Bhuvanakosha & Tirtha-mahatmya, Shloka 2

प्रयागमाहात्म्यम्

The Greatness of Prayāga

च गङ्गातीरसमुद्भूतमृद्धारो सो ऽघहार्कवदिति ख , ग , झ च गङ्गातीरसमुद्भूतमृदं मूर्धा विभर्ति यः विभर्ति रूपं सोर्कस्य तमोनाशाय केवलमिति ङ भक्तिमुक्तिफलप्रदमिति ग भुक्तिमुक्तिप्रदायकमिति झ सरितः सागराः सिद्धा गन्धर्वसराप्सस् तथा तत्र त्रीण्यग्निकुण्डानि तेषां मध्ये तु जाह्नवी

ca gaṅgātīrasamudbhūtamṛddhāro so 'ghahārkavaditi kha , ga , jha ca gaṅgātīrasamudbhūtamṛdaṃ mūrdhā vibharti yaḥ vibharti rūpaṃ sorkasya tamonāśāya kevalamiti ṅa bhaktimuktiphalapradamiti ga bhuktimuktipradāyakamiti jha saritaḥ sāgarāḥ siddhā gandharvasarāpsas tathā tatra trīṇyagnikuṇḍāni teṣāṃ madhye tu jāhnavī

जो गंगातीरी उत्पन्न झालेली माती धारण करतो तो सूर्याप्रमाणे पापांचा नाश करणारा होतो. जो गंगातीरीची माती मस्तकी वाहतो तो अज्ञान-तम नष्ट करण्यासाठी सूर्यतुल्य तेज धारण करतो. ती भक्ती व मोक्षाचे फळ देते आणि भोग व मोक्ष दोन्ही प्रदान करते. तेथे नद्या व सागर पवित्र मानले गेले आहेत; सिद्ध, गंधर्व व अप्सराही. त्या स्थानी तीन अग्निकुंडे आहेत आणि त्यांच्या मध्ये जाह्नवी (गंगा) आहे.

caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction (समुच्चय)
gaṅgā-tīra-samudbhūta-mṛt-dhāraḥone who bears clay arisen from Gaṅgā’s bank
gaṅgā-tīra-samudbhūta-mṛt-dhāraḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgaṅgā + tīra + samudbhūta + mṛt + dhāra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; multi-member तत्पुरुष: गङ्गातीरात् समुद्भूता मृद् यस्य सः/मृद्-धारः
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; pronoun
agha-hādestroyer of sin
agha-hā:
Karta (कर्ता/predicate-noun)
TypeNoun
Rootagha + hā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; उपपद-तत्पुरुष (अघं हन्ति इति)
arka-vatlike the sun
arka-vat:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootarka + vat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; तुल्योपमा-प्रत्यय (वत्) used adverbially
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation marker
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; conjunction
gaṅgā-tīra-samudbhūtamarisen from Gaṅgā’s bank
gaṅgā-tīra-samudbhūtam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootgaṅgā + tīra + samudbhūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular; past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally; qualifying मृदम्
mṛdamclay/earth
mṛdam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛd (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (mṛd-śabda; object)
mūrdhā(on the) head
mūrdhā:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmūrdhan (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया) Singular used as location-on-head sense; or Nominative singular by form; here intended 'on (his) head' (मूर्ध्नि)
vibhartibears/carries
vibharti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhṛ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd Person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular
yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; relative pronoun
vibhartibears
vibharti:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootbhṛ (धातु)
FormPresent (लट्), 3rd Person, Singular
rūpamform
rūpam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
arkasyaof the sun
arkasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootarka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular
tamaḥ-nāśāyafor the destruction of darkness
tamaḥ-nāśāya:
Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/purpose)
TypeNoun
Roottamas + nāśa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; तत्पुरुष (तमसः नाशः)
kevalamonly/solely
kevalam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkevala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormAvyaya; adverbial use (केवलम्)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation marker
bhakti-mukti-phala-pradamgranting the fruit of devotion and liberation
bhakti-mukti-phala-pradam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhakti + mukti + phala + prada (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; adjective (…pradam) in quoted variant
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation marker
bhukti-mukti-pradāyakambestowing enjoyment and liberation
bhukti-mukti-pradāyakam:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbhukti + mukti + pradāyaka (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular; adjective in quoted variant
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; quotation marker
saritaḥrivers
saritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsarit (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural
sāgarāḥoceans
sāgarāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsāgara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
siddhāḥare accomplished/are present as perfected beings
siddhāḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate)
TypeVerb
Rootsidh (धातु)
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative, Plural; predicative
gandharva-sarāpsaḥGandharvas and Apsarases
gandharva-sarāpsaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgandharva + apsaras (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural; द्वन्द्व (गन्धर्वाश्च अप्सरसश्च)
tathāalso/likewise
tathā:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottathā (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb/conjunction (तथा)
tatrathere
tatra:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottatra (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; adverb of place
trīṇithree
trīṇi:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Roottri (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative/Accusative, Plural; numeral adjective qualifying अग्निकुण्डानि
agni-kuṇḍānifire-pits
agni-kuṇḍāni:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootagni + kuṇḍa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Plural; तत्पुरुष (अग्नेः कुण्डानि)
teṣāmof them
teṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormGenitive (6th/षष्ठी), Plural
madhyein the middle
madhye:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootmadhya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; used as postposition-like 'in the middle'
tubut/indeed
tu:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya; particle (तु) contrast/emphasis
jāhnavīJāhnavī (Gaṅgā)
jāhnavī:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjāhnavī (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; name of Gaṅgā

Lord Agni (narrating the Agni Purana’s tirtha-mahatmya to Sage Vasiṣṭha)

Vidya Category: {"primary_vidya":"Vrata","secondary_vidya":"Mantra","practical_application":"Tīrtha-prayoga: applying Gaṅgā-taṭa-mṛd (sacred riverbank clay) as a purificatory act; framing it as prāyaścitta and bhakti-support during pilgrimage rites.","sutra_style":false}

Encyclopedic Reference: {"reference_type":"Procedure","entry_title":"Gaṅgā-taṭa-mṛd-dhāraṇa (bearing Gaṅgā-bank clay) and Prayāga agni-kuṇḍa triad","lookup_keywords":["Ganga-bank clay","mṛd-dhāraṇa","aghahara","agni-kunda","Jāhnavī"],"quick_summary":"Bearing clay from the Gaṅgā’s bank is praised as sin-destroying like the Sun and as darkness-dispelling; Prayāga is further described as a sanctifying locus with celestial beings and three agni-kuṇḍas with Jāhnavī central."}

Alamkara Type: Upamā (sin-removal like the Sun)

Concept: External purity-symbols (mṛd, snāna, agni-kuṇḍa) are mapped to inner purification: darkness (tamas/avidyā) is dispelled through tīrtha-contact allied with devotion.

Application: During yātrā: take a small amount of clean riverbank clay respectfully, apply as tilaka or carry as a vow-token; pair with japa/dhyāna to convert outer act into inner cleansing.

Khanda Section: Tirtha-mahatmya (Sacred Geography and Pilgrimage Merit)

Primary Rasa: Adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: Shanta

Type: Tirtha

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Pilgrims at the Gaṅgā bank lifting sacred clay to the head; a radiant solar disc above; nearby three agni-kuṇḍas with flames, with Jāhnavī/river stream depicted centrally; celestial beings hovering in attendance.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural: devotees applying Gaṅgā-taṭa-mṛd on forehead and head; stylized Sun with strong halo; three fire-pits in a row with ornate rims; gandharvas and apsarases in the sky; saturated reds, ochres, greens.","tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore: central Sun motif with gold radiance; foreground pilgrims holding clay; three agni-kuṇḍas with gold highlights; decorative river waves; embossed jewelry and halos for celestial attendants.","mysore_prompt":"Mysore: instructional composition—step-like depiction of taking clay, placing on head, then approaching agni-kuṇḍas; fine lines, soft colors, minimal background clutter for clarity.","mughal_miniature_prompt":"Mughal miniature: naturalistic riverbank scene with pilgrims; small blazing fire-pits; delicate rendering of clay in hands; celestial figures in clouds; detailed landscape with boats and trees."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"instructional","suggested_raga":"Bhairavi","pace":"medium","voice_tone":"instructional"}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: so 'ghahā → saḥ agha-hā; sorkasya → saḥ arkasya; gandharvasarāpsas → gandharva-sarāpsaḥ; trīṇyagnikuṇḍāni → trīṇi agnikuṇḍāni. Some items (kha/ga/jha/ṅa) are manuscript variant markers and omitted from pada list.

Related Themes: Agni Purāṇa: Gaṅgā-māhātmya (110) for Gaṅgā’s purificatory powers; Agni Purāṇa: Prayāga-māhātmya continuation for specific snāna/dāna fruits and site-names

G
Gaṅgā (Jāhnavī)
A
Arka (Sun)
S
Siddhas
G
Gandharvas
A
Apsarases
A
Agni-kuṇḍa (fire-pit)

FAQs

It teaches a tīrtha-prayoga: wearing or carrying on the head the clay/earth from the Gaṅgā’s bank as a purificatory act, described as sin-destroying and spiritually illuminating.

Alongside theology, it catalogs practical pilgrimage observances and sacred-site claims (tīrtha-mahātmya), linking material acts (tīra-mṛd-dhāraṇa) to graded results (bhakti, bhukti, mukti) and mapping sacred geography (agnikuṇḍas, Jāhnavī).

The act is framed as agha-hara (sin-removing) and tamonāśa (destroying inner darkness), promising both worldly welfare (bhukti) and ultimate liberation (mukti) through contact with Gaṅgā-associated sanctity.