Vamana Purana — Structure of Jambudvipa, Shloka 4

The Structure of Jambudvipa: Nine Varshas, Navadvipa Bharata, Mountains, Rivers, and Peoples

Devanagari script

पूर्वदक्षिणतश्चापि किंनरो वर्ष उच्यते भारतो दक्षिणे प्रोक्तो हरिर्दक्षिणपशचिमे

Transliteration

pūrvadakṣiṇataścāpi kiṃnaro varṣa ucyate bhārato dakṣiṇe prokto harirdakṣiṇapaśacime

Translation

തെക്കുകിഴക്കിൽ കിന്നര വർഷം എന്നു പറയുന്നു. തെക്കിൽ ഭാരത വർഷം എന്നു പ്രസ്താവിക്കുന്നു. തെക്കുപടിഞ്ഞാറിൽ ഹരി എന്ന (പ്രദേശം) ഉണ്ട്.

Word by Word

• pūrva-dakṣiṇataḥ: to the southeast
• pūrva-dakṣiṇataḥ: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: pūrva (प्रातिपदिक)+dakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)+tas (अव्यय-प्रत्यय)
• Form: दिक्वाचक-अव्यय (directional adverb: southeast)

• ca: and
• ca: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात

• api: also
• api: Avyaya (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-निपात

• kiṃnaraḥ: Kiṃnara (region)
• kiṃnaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kiṃnara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (elliptic: varṣaḥ understood)

• varṣaḥ: region
• varṣaḥ: Apposition (समानाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: varṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• ucyate: is called
• ucyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच्, धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन, आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि-प्रयोग (passive)

• bhārataḥ: Bhārata (region)
• bhārataḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhārata (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (elliptic: varṣaḥ understood)

• dakṣiṇe: in the south
• dakṣiṇe: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग (direction as place)

• proktaḥ: is said / is declared
• proktaḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया-विशेषण/विधेय)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √vac (वच्, धातु)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past passive participle), प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग

• hariḥ: Hari (region)
• hariḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hari (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा, एकवचन, पुंलिङ्ग (elliptic: varṣaḥ understood)

• dakṣiṇa-paścime: in the southwest
• dakṣiṇa-paścime: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dakṣiṇa (प्रातिपदिक)+paścima (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: सप्तमी, एकवचन, नपुंसकलिङ्ग (direction as place)

Speakers

• Pulastya to Nārada (typical frame; not explicit in this verse excerpt)

Key Themes

• Sacred Geography
• Purāṇic Cosmology
• Bhārata-varṣa

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "adbhuta", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Bhārata’s placement within the cosmic map underscores its ritual-centrality in Purāṇic thought: it is the arena where dharma, karma, and liberation-oriented practice are foregrounded.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

This belongs to Sarga-oriented cosmography (description of the world’s divisions), serving as a structural catalogue rather than narrative genealogy.

What is the symbolic significance?

Directional assignment (SE/S/SW) reflects a sacral cartography: beings (Kiṃnaras) and human realms (Bhārata) are positioned in a graded cosmic space, implying different modes of existence and dharmic capacity.