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Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 22

Devanagari script

बाह्यमाभ्यतरं चैव द्विविधं शौचमुच्यते । बाह्यं तु मृज्जलैः प्रोक्तमांतरं शुद्धमानसम्

Transliteration

bāhyamābhyataraṃ caiva dvividhaṃ śaucamucyate | bāhyaṃ tu mṛjjalaiḥ proktamāṃtaraṃ śuddhamānasam

Translation

ശൗചം രണ്ടുവിധം എന്നു പറയുന്നു—ബാഹ്യവും ആഭ്യന്തരവും. ബാഹ്യശൗചം മണ്ണും വെള്ളവും കൊണ്ടുള്ള ശുദ്ധി; ആഭ്യന്തരശൗചം ശുദ്ധമായ മനസ്സാണ്।

Word by Word
bāhyamexternal
bāhyam:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Nom./Acc. singular; ‘external’ (agreeing with śaucam)
ābhyantaraminternal
ābhyantaram:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootābhyantara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Nom./Acc. singular; ‘internal’
caand
ca:
Sambandha (Connector/समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (Emphasis/अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय (particle)
dvividhamtwofold
dvividham:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdvi (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + vidha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Nom./Acc. singular; द्विगु-समासः (‘द्वौ विधौ यस्य’) = ‘twofold’
śaucampurity
śaucam:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootśauca (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन — Nominative singular; ‘purity’
ucyateis called
ucyate:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु) + ya (कर्मणि-प्रयोग)
Formलट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive) — ‘is said/called’
bāhyamexternal (purity)
bāhyam:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootbāhya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — Nominative singular; ‘external (purity)’
tubut
tu:
Sambandha (Particle/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषण-अव्यय (particle: ‘but/indeed’)
mṛtwith clay
mṛt:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootmṛt (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), एकवचन — Instrumental singular; ‘with clay/earth’
jalaiḥwith water
jalaiḥ:
Karana (Instrument/करण)
TypeNoun
Rootjala (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/करण), बहुवचन — Instrumental plural; ‘with waters’
proktamis declared
proktam:
Predicate (विधेय)
TypeVerb
Rootpra+vac (धातु) + ta (कृत्-प्रत्यय)
Formभूतकृदन्त (क्त/PPP), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — ‘is declared’ (agreeing with bāhyam)
āntaraminner (purity)
āntaram:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootāntara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन — Nominative singular; ‘inner’
śuddha-mānasamhaving a purified mind
śuddha-mānasam:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootśuddha (प्रातिपदिक) + mānasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन — Nom./Acc. singular; कर्मधारयः (‘शुद्धं मानसम्’)
Speaker

Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) (deduced from Māheśvarakhaṇḍa narrative style)

Skanda Dialogue

Listener: Disciple/ṛṣi

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A devotee washing hands/feet with water and cleansing with sacred earth on a riverbank; above, a translucent depiction of the same devotee with a bright, clear mind-lotus, indicating internal purity.

FAQs

True purity includes both bodily cleanliness and the deeper purification of the mind.

No specific tīrtha is named; the verse defines śauca in general terms.

External purification by washing/cleansing with water and earth (clay) is mentioned, alongside cultivating mental purity.

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