Skanda Purana — Mahesvara Khanda, Shloka 51
Devanagari script
चतुर्भेदं मासमाहुः पंचभेदं च वत्सरम् । संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः
Transliteration
caturbhedaṃ māsamāhuḥ paṃcabhedaṃ ca vatsaram | saṃvatsarastu prathamo dvitīyaḥ parivatsaraḥ
Translation
മാസത്തിന് നാല് വിഭാഗങ്ങളുണ്ടെന്നും വർഷത്തിന് അഞ്ച് വിഭാഗങ്ങളുണ്ടെന്നും പറയുന്നു. അവയിൽ ഒന്നാമത് ‘സംവത്സരം’, രണ്ടാമത് ‘പരിവത്സരം’ എന്നു വിളിക്കുന്നു.
Word by Word
चतुर्-भेदम्fourfold
चतुर्-भेदम्:
Karma (Object complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootचतुर् (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (Accusative), एकवचन; ‘चत्वारो भेदाः यस्य’ इति (having four divisions)
मासम्month
मासम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootमास (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootअह् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
पञ्च-भेदम्fivefold
पञ्च-भेदम्:
Karma (Object complement/कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootपञ्च (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + भेद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; ‘पञ्च भेदाः यस्य’ इति (having five divisions)
चand
च:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction)
वत्सरम्year
वत्सरम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
संवत्सरःSaṃvatsara (name of a year)
संवत्सरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootसंवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
तुindeed
तु:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)
प्रथमःfirst
प्रथमः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रथम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
द्वितीयःsecond
द्वितीयः:
Visheshana (Qualifier/विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootद्वितीय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
परिवत्सरःParivatsara (name of a year)
परिवत्सरः:
Karta (Subject complement/कर्ता-समानााधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootपरिवत्सर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
Speaker
Lomaharṣaṇa (Sūta) (deduced: Māheśvarakhaṇḍa context)
Visual Art Cues
Scene: A five-spoked wheel labeled Saṃvatsara, Parivatsara, Idvatsara, Anuvatsara, Yuga; a smaller four-part month diagram beside it; a teacher points while students note names.
Characters & Entities
M
māsaV
vatsaraS
SaṃvatsaraP
ParivatsaraFAQs
Time is sacralized through named cycles; recognizing these divisions supports tradition-based observance.
No tīrtha is mentioned.
None; it lists calendrical divisions and year-names.