Skanda Purana — Kashi Khanda, Shloka 18

Devanagari script

श्रद्धया श्राद्धदा ये वै चतुर्थ्यंगारयोगतः । तेषां पितॄणां भविता तृप्तिर्द्वादशवार्षिकी

Transliteration

śraddhayā śrāddhadā ye vai caturthyaṃgārayogataḥ | teṣāṃ pitṝṇāṃ bhavitā tṛptirdvādaśavārṣikī

Translation

ശ്രദ്ധയോടെ അങ്കാരകയോഗമുള്ള ചതുര്ഥിയിൽ ശ്രാദ്ധം അർപ്പിക്കുന്നവരുടെ പിതൃകൾക്ക് പന്ത്രണ്ടു വർഷത്തേക്കുള്ള തൃപ്തി ലഭിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• श्रद्धया: with faith
• श्रद्धया: Karana (Instrument/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्रद्धा (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति, एकवचन (feminine, instrumental singular)

• श्राद्धदाः: givers/performers of śrāddha
• श्राद्धदाः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: श्राद्ध-द (प्रातिपदिक; श्राद्ध + द)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘श्राद्धं ददाति’ इति (masc nom pl)

• ये: who
• ये: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सम्बन्धक-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• चतुर्थ्याम्: on the fourth lunar day (caturthī)
• चतुर्थ्याम्: Adhikaraṇa (Time/अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चतुर्थी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, सप्तमी विभक्ति, एकवचन (feminine, locative singular)

• अंगारयोगतः: due to the conjunction with Aṅgāraka (Mars)
• अंगारयोगतः: Hetu (Cause/हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अंगार-योग (प्रातिपदिक; अंगार + योग)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति, एकवचन; हेत्वर्थे (ablative singular; ‘due to/because of’)

• तेषाम्: of them
• तेषाम्: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम (genitive plural)

• पितॄणाम्: of (their) ancestors
• पितॄणाम्: Sambandha (Possessor/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी विभक्ति, बहुवचन (masculine, genitive plural)

• भविता: will occur / will be
• भविता: Kriya (Predicative/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भू (धातु) + तृ (कृदन्त)
• Form: भविष्यत्कर्तरि कृदन्त (तृ-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विधेय (periphrastic future agent-noun used predicatively: ‘will be’)

• तृप्तिः: satisfaction
• तृप्तिः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन (feminine, nominative singular)

• द्वादशवार्षिकी: lasting twelve years
• द्वादशवार्षिकी: Viśeṣaṇa (Qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: द्वादश-वार्षिकी (प्रातिपदिक; द्वादश + वार्षिकी)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषण (feminine nominative singular; adjective qualifying तृप्तिः)

Speaker

Skanda (deduced: Kāśīkhaṇḍa narrative, typically Skanda to Agastya)

Tirtha Mahatmya

Tirtha: Kāśī-kṣetra (Aṅgāraka-caturthī śrāddha)

Type: kshetra

Visual Art Cues

Scene: A śrāddha setting on a Kāśī ghat: darbha grass, piṇḍa offerings, water libations, a householder with folded hands, brāhmaṇas seated, and a subtle depiction of pitṛs receiving satisfaction.

Characters & Entities

• Pitṛs (ancestors)
• Śrāddha
• Aṅgāraka (Maṅgala)

FAQs

What is the primary spiritual lesson of this shloka?

Dharma includes care for ancestors—faithfully timed offerings bring long-lasting upliftment to the Pitṛs.

Which specific holy site (Tirtha) is glorified here?

The practice is taught within the Kāśī context of this chapter, though the verse emphasizes timing and śrāddha.

What ritualistic prescription is mentioned?

Perform śrāddha with śraddhā on the Caturthī that coincides with Aṅgāraka for extended ancestral satisfaction.