Shloka 30

पापभेदवर्णनम्

Classification of Sins / Taxonomy of Pāpa

Devanagari script

नियमान्स्वयमादाय ये त्यजंत्यजितेन्द्रियाः । प्रव्रज्यावासिता ये च हरस्यास्यप्रभेदकाः

Transliteration

niyamānsvayamādāya ye tyajaṃtyajitendriyāḥ | pravrajyāvāsitā ye ca harasyāsyaprabhedakāḥ

Translation

സ്വയം നിയമങ്ങൾ ഏറ്റെടുത്തിട്ടും ഇന്ദ്രിയങ്ങൾ ജയിക്കാതെ അവ ഉപേക്ഷിക്കുന്നവരും, വെറും ബാഹ്യ സന്ന്യാസവാസം മാത്രം സ്വീകരിക്കുന്നവരും—ഈ ഹരന്റെ മാർഗ്ഗോപദേശത്തെ ഭേദിക്കുന്നവരാകുന്നു.

Word by Word

• niyamān: observances; rules
• niyamān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: niyama (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया) Plural (बहुवचन)

• svayam: by themselves
• svayam: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: svayam (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण), indeclinable

• ādāya: having taken up
• ādāya: Kriya-visheṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ā + dā (धातु) → ādāya (कृदन्त)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्), indeclinable (अव्ययभाव)

• ye: those who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• tyajanti: abandon
• tyajanti: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: tyaj (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष) Plural (बहुवचन), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद)

• ajita-indriyāḥ: whose senses are unconquered
• ajita-indriyāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: ajita + indriya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Bahuvrīhi (बहुव्रीहि: ajitāni indriyāṇi yeṣām), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• pravrajyā-vāsitāḥ: dwelling in (the state of) renunciation
• pravrajyā-vāsitāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pravrajyā + vāsita (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (सप्तमी/तृतीया-भाव: pravrajyāyām vāsitāḥ / pravrajyā-vāsitāḥ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• ye: those who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Relative pronoun (यद्), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक), indeclinable

• harasya: of Hara (Śiva)
• harasya: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (षष्ठी) Singular (एकवचन)

• āsya-prabhedakāḥ: splitters of (his) mouth; mouth-injurers
• āsya-prabhedakāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āsya + prabhedaka (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: āsyasya prabhedakāḥ), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा) Plural (बहुवचन)

Speaker

Suta Goswami

Shaiva Theology

Tattva Level: pashu

Shiva Form: Dakṣiṇāmūrti

Jyotirlinga Context

Significance: Warns against pseudo-renunciation; true Śiva-mārga requires indriya-jaya and sustained niyama, removing pāśa (bondage) rather than intensifying it through hypocrisy.

Shakti Dimension

Role: teaching

Characters & Entities

• Shiva

FAQs

What is the spiritual significance of this verse in the Shiva Purana?

It warns that discipline without sense-control becomes unstable, and that mere external renunciation without inner mastery turns into a force that confuses and harms Shiva’s liberating path.

How does this verse relate to the worship of the Linga or Saguna Shiva?

Linga-worship is meant to purify the mind through devotion and restraint; this verse emphasizes that Saguna Shiva’s worship bears fruit when supported by conquered senses and sincere observance, not by outward religious display.

What ritualistic or meditative practice is suggested here?

Steady niyamas with genuine indriya-nigraha (sense-restraint) alongside Shiva-japa—especially the Panchakshara mantra (Om Namah Shivaya)—is implied as the practical safeguard against hollow asceticism.