Shloka 52

Devanagari script

तमापतन्तंसम्प्रेक्ष्यकुम्भकर्णंमहाबलम् ।उत्पपाततदावीरस्सुग्रीवोवानराधिपः ।।।।

Transliteration

tam āpatantaṃ samprekṣya kumbhakarṇaṃ mahābalam | utpapāta tadā vīraḥ sugrīvo vānarādhipaḥ ||

Translation

മഹാബലനായ കുംഭകർണ്ണൻ പാഞ്ഞുവരുന്നതു കണ്ടപ്പോൾ, വാനരാധിപനായ വീരൻ സുഗ്രീവൻ അവനെ നേരിടാൻ മുന്നോട്ടു ചാടി.

Word by Word

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• आपतन्तम्: coming/charging
• आपतन्तम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: आ-√पत् (धातु)
• Form: शतृ (present active participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; modifies तम्

• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: having seen
• सम्प्रेक्ष्य: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-√प्रेक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund), 'having looked at'

• कुम्भकर्णम्: Kumbhakarna
• कुम्भकर्णम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कुम्भकर्ण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन

• महाबलम्: mighty
• महाबलम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: महा + बल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: कर्मधारय: महत् बलम् यस्य; पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; adjective of कुम्भकर्णम्

• उत्पपात: leapt up
• उत्पपात: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्-√पत् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• तदा: then
• तदा: Kāla (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक अव्यय (adverb of time)

• वीरः: the hero
• वीरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वीर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to सुग्रीवः

• सुग्रीवः: Sugriva
• सुग्रीवः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुग्रीव (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• वानराधिपः: lord of monkeys
• वानराधिपः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर + अधिप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: वानराणाम् अधिपः; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; apposition to सुग्रीवः

Context

Valiant Sugriva, seeing the mighty Kumbhakarna coming towards him jumped (in excitement).

Characters & Entities

• Sugrīva
• Kumbhakarṇa
• Vānara host

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Rāja-dharma: a leader does not abandon the front in crisis; he steps forward to protect the army and uphold the just cause.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa charges; Sugrīva responds immediately by leaping forward to engage him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sugrīva’s bravery and leadership—meeting danger directly rather than retreating.