Shloka 41

कुम्भकर्णवधः

The Slaying of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

ततस्तेवध्यमानास्तुहतयूथाविनायकाः ।वानराभयसंविग्नाविनेदुर्विस्वरंभृशैः ।।।।

Transliteration

tatas te vadhyamānās tu hatayūthāvināyakāḥ |

vānarā bhayasaṃvignā vinedur visvaraṃ bhṛśaiḥ ||

Translation

അപ്പോൾ അവർ വധിക്കപ്പെടുകയും, യൂഥനേതാക്കൾ വീഴുകയും ചെയ്തതോടെ, ഭയത്തിൽ വിറച്ച വാനരർ അത്യന്തം കർക്കശവും അസ്വരവുമായ ശബ്ദത്തിൽ ഉച്ചത്തിൽ നിലവിളിച്ചു.

Word by Word

• ततः: then
• ततः: सम्बन्ध (time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb)

• ते: those
• ते: कर्ता (कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• वध्यमानाः: being killed
• वध्यमानाः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (कर्ता-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वध् (धातु)
• Form: वर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्तः (शानच्/मान), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘being slain’

• तु: indeed, however
• तु: सम्बन्ध (particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle; emphasis/contrast)

• हतयूथविनायकाः: whose troop-leaders were slain
• हतयूथविनायकाः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (कर्ता-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हत-यूथ-विनायक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; बहुपद-तत्पुरुषः (हतं यूथं येषां विनायकानाम्/हताः यूथविनायकाः)

• वानराः: Vanaras
• वानराः: कर्ता (कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• भयसंविग्नाः: agitated with fear
• भयसंविग्नाः: कर्तृ-विशेषण (कर्ता-विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: भय-संविग्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुषः (भयेन संविग्नाः)

• विनेदुः: roared, cried out
• विनेदुः: क्रिया (क्रियापद)
• Type: Verb
• Root: नद् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; परस्मैपद; उपसर्ग ‘वि-’

• विस्वरम्: discordantly
• विस्वरम्: क्रिया-विशेषण (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विस्वर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: क्रियाविशेषणरूपेण अव्ययीभाव (adverbial accusative; ‘in a discordant manner’)

• भृशैः: violently, greatly
• भृशैः: क्रिया-विशेषण (adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: भृश (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: अव्यय (intensifying adverb)

Context

Then with the army killed, the Vanaras moved without any leader making unnatural sounds out of fear and anger.

Characters & Entities

• Vānara

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma in crisis includes maintaining order and leadership; when leaders fall, confusion spreads—so responsibility and steadiness become moral necessities.

What is the narrative situation?

Kumbhakarṇa’s killing causes the Vānara ranks to lose commanders; fear erupts into uncontrolled cries and disorder.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Leadership (netṛtva) by contrast: the verse highlights what happens when it is absent, underscoring its importance in righteous struggle.