Ramayana — Yuddha Kanda, Sarga 60, Shloka 73

कुम्भकर्णविबोधनम्

The Awakening of Kumbhakarna

Devanagari script

वानरैःपर्वताकारैर्लङ्केयंपरिवारिता ।सीताहरणसन्तप्ताद्रामान्नस्तुमुलंभयम् ।।।।

Transliteration

vānaraiḥ parvatākārair laṅkeyaṃ parivartitā |sītāharaṇasantaptād rāmān nas tumulaṃ bhayam ||

Translation

പർവ്വതാകാരമായ വാനരന്മാർ ഈ ലങ്കയെ ചുറ്റിപ്പറ്റി വളഞ്ഞിരിക്കുന്നു; സീതാഹരണത്തിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ദുഃഖം കാരണം രാമനിൽ നിന്നു ഞങ്ങൾക്ക് ഭീകരഭയം ഉയർന്നിരിക്കുന്നു.

Word by Word

• वानरैः: by the monkeys (Vanaras)
• वानरैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वानर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• पर्वताकारैः: of mountain-like form
• पर्वताकारैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: पर्वत + आकार (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; समासः—पर्वतस्य आकारः येषाम् (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष), विशेषण—वानरैः

• लङ्का: Lanka
• लङ्का: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लङ्का (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• इयम्: this
• इयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• परिवारिता: is surrounded
• परिवारिता: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि + वृ (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त; स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि—"is surrounded"

• सीताहरणसन्तप्तात्: due to (him) being distressed by Sita's abduction
• सीताहरणसन्तप्तात्: Hetu (हेतु)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सीता + हरण + सन्तप्त (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक-प्रयोगे; पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; समासः—सीतायाः हरणेन सन्तप्तः (तृतीया-तत्पुरुष/हेतुगर्भ), "because of being pained by Sita's abduction"

• रामात्: from Rama
• रामात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• नः: for us/of us
• नः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी/चतुर्थी बहुवचन-रूप (Gen./Dat. plural enclitic)

• तुमुलम्: fierce
• तुमुलम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: तुमुल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण—भयम्

• भयम्: fear
• भयम्: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Context

This Lanka is seized by a mountain like army of Vanaras. By the abduction of Sita, there is little fear from Rama.

Characters & Entities

• Laṅkā
• Vānaras
• Rāma
• Sītā

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma creates inevitable consequences: the wrongful abduction of Sītā becomes the moral cause that brings righteous retaliation and collective danger upon Laṅkā.

What is the narrative situation?

A rākṣasa speaker reports Laṅkā’s strategic crisis—encircled by the vānaras—and links the looming peril directly to Sītā’s abduction and Rāma’s wrath.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral clarity: naming the true cause of danger rather than blaming fate or minimizing wrongdoing.