Shloka 19

रावणदर्शनम्

Hanuman Beholds Ravana in Court

Devanagari script

अस्य क्रूरैर्नृशंसैश्च कर्मभिर्लोककुत्सितैः।सर्वे बिभ्यति खल्वस्माल्लोकास्सामरदानवाः।।5.49.19।।अयं ह्युत्सहते क्रुद्धः कर्तुमेकार्णवं जगत्।

Transliteration

asya krūrair nṛśaṃsaiś ca karmabhir lokakutsitaiḥ |

sarve bibhyati khalv asmāl lokāḥ sāmaradānavāḥ ||5.49.19||

ayaṃ hy utsahate kruddhaḥ kartum ekārṇavaṃ jagat |

Translation

അവന്റെ ക്രൂരവും നിർദയവും ലോകനിന്ദിതവുമായ കർമ്മങ്ങൾ കാരണം, ദേവദാനവന്മാരോടുകൂടി സർവ്വലോകങ്ങളും സത്യമായും അവനെ ഭയപ്പെടുന്നു. അവൻ ക്രുദ്ധനായാൽ, സമസ്ത ജഗത്തിനെ ഒരൊറ്റ മഹാസമുദ്രമാക്കി മാറ്റുവാൻ പോലും ധൈര്യപ്പെടുന്നു.

Word by Word

• अस्य: of him / his
• अस्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/possessor)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी-विभक्तिः (Genitive), एकवचनम् (Singular), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• क्रूरैः: by cruel (ones) / with cruel
• क्रूरैः: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रूर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — विशेषणम्

• नृशंसैः: by wicked / ruthless (ones)
• नृशंसैः: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नृशंस (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (coordination)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)

• कर्मभिः: by deeds / actions
• कर्मभिः: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: कर्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), बहुवचनम् (Plural), नपुंसकलिङ्गे (Neuter)

• लोककुत्सितैः: by (deeds) despised by the world
• लोककुत्सितैः: करण (Instrument/means)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: लोक + कुत्सित (प्रातिपदिक-द्वयम्)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: लोकस्य कुत्सिताः), तृतीया-विभक्तिः (Instrumental), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — विशेषणम्

• सर्वे: all
• सर्वे: कर्ता (Agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — सर्वनामसदृश-विशेषण-प्रयोगः (used substantively: 'all')

• बिभ्यति: fear / are afraid
• बिभ्यति: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: भी (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (Present), प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person), बहुवचनम् (Plural), परस्मैपदम्

• खलु: indeed / surely
• खलु: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: खलु (अव्यय)
• Form: निश्चयार्थक-अव्ययम् (particle of emphasis/assurance)

• अस्मात्: from him
• अस्मात्: अपादान (Source/ablative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पञ्चमी-विभक्तिः (Ablative), एकवचनम् (Singular), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• लोकाः: worlds / peoples
• लोकाः: कर्ता (Agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine)

• सामरदानवाः: together with gods and demons
• सामरदानवाः: कर्ता (Agent/subject) (लोकाः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स + अमर + दानव (प्रातिपदिक-समूहः)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समासः (सह-तत्पुरुषः: अमरैः सह दानवाः / 'with gods and demons'), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), बहुवचनम् (Plural), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine)

• अयम्: this (man/person)
• अयम्: कर्ता (Agent/subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम् (Singular), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — सर्वनाम-रूपम्

• हि: indeed / for
• हि: सम्बन्ध (discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: हेतौ/निश्चये-अव्ययम् (causal/emphatic particle)

• उत्सहते: dares / undertakes
• उत्सहते: क्रिया (verbal action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: उत्सह् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकारः (Present), प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम् (Singular), आत्मनेपदम्

• क्रुद्धः: angry
• क्रुद्धः: कर्ता (Agent/subject) (अयम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुध् (धातु) → क्रुद्ध (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (past participle), प्रथमा-विभक्तिः (Nominative), एकवचनम् (Singular), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine) — कर्तरि-विशेषणम्

• कर्तुम्: to do / to make
• कर्तुम्: प्रयोजन/कर्म (purpose-complement of उत्सहते)
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (धातु) → कर्तुम् (तुमुन्-प्रत्ययान्त)
• Form: तुमुन्-अन्तम् (infinitive), क्रियार्थक-अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः

• एकार्णवम्: a single ocean / one ocean
• एकार्णवम्: कर्म (Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एक + अर्णव (प्रातिपदिक-द्वयम्)
• Form: कर्मधारय-समासः (एकः अर्णवः), द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम् (Singular), पुंलिङ्गे (Masculine)

• जगत्: the world
• जगत्: कर्म (Object) (कर्तुम् इत्यस्य)
• Type: Noun
• Root: जगत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: द्वितीया-विभक्तिः (Accusative), एकवचनम् (Singular), नपुंसकलिङ्गे (Neuter)

Context

He was like a black mountain of collyrium, and with a face like the full-moon. With a pearl necklace illumining his chest he appeared like a cloud lit up by the full-moon with white cranes flying across. (The white pearl-necklace moving on his chest appeared like a row of cranes flying through the black cloud.)

Characters & Entities

• Rāvaṇa
• dānava (demons)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Adharma expressed through cruelty breeds fear and universal condemnation; true authority in Dharma inspires trust, not terror.

What is the narrative situation?

After seeing Rāvaṇa’s majesty and menace, Hanumān reflects on how Rāvaṇa’s infamous deeds make even gods and demons fear him.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Moral discernment—Hanumān evaluates Rāvaṇa not by power but by the ethical quality of his actions (karma).