Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 3

सीताविलापः

Sita’s Lament and Resolve under Threat

सत्यं बतेदं प्रवदन्ति लोके नाकालमृत्युर्भवतीति सन्तः।यत्राहमेवं परिभर्त्स्यमानाजीवामि दीना क्षणमप्यपुण्या।।5.28.3।।

satyaṃ batedaṃ pravadanti loke nākālamṛtyur bhavatīti santaḥ |

yatrāham evaṃ paribhartsya-mānā jīvāmi dīnā kṣaṇam apy apuṇyā ||5.28.3||

അയ്യോ, ലോകത്തിൽ സജ്ജനർ പറയുന്നത് സത്യമാണ്—നിയതകാലത്തിനു മുമ്പ് മരണം വരികയില്ല. ഇവിടെ ഞാൻ ഇങ്ങനെ കഠിനമായി ഭീഷണിപ്പെടുത്തപ്പെടുന്നിട്ടും ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നു—ദീനയായി, ഒരു ക്ഷണമെങ്കിലും പുണ്യമില്ലാത്തവളായി.

सत्यम्true; truth
सत्यम्:
कर्तृ/वाक्यविषय (subject/predicate-noun: 'it is true')
TypeNoun
Rootसत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular)
बतalas; indeed
बत:
सम्बोधन/भावप्रकाशक (exclamatory particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootबत (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; विस्मय/खेदसूचक-निपात (particle expressing lament/alas)
इदम्this
इदम्:
कर्तृ/वाक्यविषय (subject: 'this')
TypeNoun
Rootइदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग (neuter), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular)
प्रवदन्तिthey say; they declare
प्रवदन्ति:
क्रिया (action)
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + वद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (plural)
लोकेin the world
लोके:
अधिकरण (locus: 'in the world')
TypeNoun
Rootलोक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), सप्तमी-विभक्ति (locative, case 7), एकवचन (singular)
not
:
निषेध (negation)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निषेध-निपात (negation particle)
अकालमृत्युःuntimely death
अकालमृत्युः:
कर्तृ (subject of 'bhavati')
TypeNoun
Rootअकाल + मृत्यु (प्रातिपदिक; समास)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/कर्मधारयार्थक-तत्पुरुष (determinative: 'untimely death')
भवतिoccurs; happens; is
भवति:
क्रिया (action/state)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)
इतिthus; 'that'
इति:
वाक्यसमाप्ति/उद्धरणचिह्न (quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; इत्यादि-उद्धरणसूचक (quotative particle)
सन्तःthe good people; elders; virtuous ones
सन्तः:
कर्तृ (agent: 'the good/elders')
TypeNoun
Rootसत् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), बहुवचन (plural)
यत्रwhere; wherever
यत्र:
सम्बन्ध/अधिकरणसूचक (relative locus marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; देशवाचक-सम्बन्धबोधक (relative adverb of place: 'where/wherever')
अहम्I
अहम्:
कर्तृ (subject: 'I')
TypeNoun
Rootअहम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formउत्तमपुरुष-सर्वनाम; त्रिलिङ्ग (pronoun), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular)
एवम्thus; in this way
एवम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (manner)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक-क्रियाविशेषण (adverb of manner)
परिभर्त्स्यमानाbeing threatened/abused
परिभर्त्स्यमाना:
कर्तृविशेषण (predicate adjective qualifying 'aham' as feminine speaker)
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + भर्त्स् (धातु) + श्यन् (कृदन्त-प्रत्यय)
Formवर्तमान/भविष्यत्-कालार्थक कृदन्त (future passive participle / gerundive sense), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular); कर्मणि प्रयोगे 'being to be/being' threatened/abused
जीवामिI live
जीवामि:
क्रिया (action/state)
TypeVerb
Rootजीव् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (present), परस्मैपद, उत्तमपुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (singular)
दीनाwretched; pitiable
दीना:
कर्तृविशेषण (qualifier of 'aham')
TypeAdjective
Rootदीन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular)
क्षणम्a moment; an instant
क्षणम्:
कर्म (extent/duration object with 'api': 'even a moment')
TypeNoun
Rootक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (masculine), द्वितीया-विभक्ति (accusative, case 2), एकवचन (singular)
अपिeven; also
अपि:
सम्बन्ध/अवधारण (emphasis: 'even')
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय/अपवाद/अल्पार्थक (particle: 'also/even')
अपुण्याwithout merit; unfortunate; sinful
अपुण्या:
कर्तृविशेषण (qualifier of 'aham')
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + पुण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (feminine), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (nominative, case 1), एकवचन (singular)

"Even though I am threatened like this, I am living pitiably because of lack of merit. Indeed I regret my survival due to my bad luck. Elders say that death will not ocurr before its time. It seems to be true.

S
Sita

FAQs

Sita affirms as true the saying of the wise that death does not occur before its destined time, showing her commitment to truth even while suffering.

She interprets her continued suffering as the fruit of deficient merit, reflecting the dharmic idea that experiences can be understood through karma and moral causality, even though she herself is virtuous.