Shloka 43

वालिनः और्ध्वदैहिकम्

Vali’s Funeral Rites and the Consolation of the Bereaved

Devanagari script

इमास्तास्तव राजेन्द्र वानर्योवल्लभास्सदा।पादैर्विकृष्ट मध्वानमागताः किं न बुध्यसे4.25.43।।

Transliteration

imās tās tava rājendra vānaryo vallabhāḥ sadā | pādair vikṛṣṭam adhvānam āgatāḥ kiṃ na budhyase || 4.25.43 ||

Translation

ഹേ രാജേന്ദ്രാ, ഇവ വാനരിമാർ—എപ്പോഴും നിനക്കു പ്രിയപ്പെട്ടവർ—കാല്നടയായി ദീർഘമാർഗം കഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടു വന്നെത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നു; നീ എന്തുകൊണ്ട് മനസ്സിലാക്കി (അവരെ നോക്കി) കാണുന്നില്ല?

Word by Word

• imāḥ: these
• imāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• tāḥ: those
• tāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); demonstrative pronoun (appositional)

• tava: your
• tava: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठी-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tvad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Genitive (षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• rājendra: O king of kings
• rājendra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāja-indra (समास; प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Tatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) compound: rāja + indra; Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Vocative (सम्बोधन), Singular (एकवचन)

• vānaryaḥ: female monkeys
• vānaryaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vānaryā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vallabhāḥ: beloved wives
• vallabhāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vallabha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन) used as noun 'beloved ones/wives'

• sadā: always
• sadā: Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रिया-विशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (कालवाचक-अव्यय)

• pādaiḥ: on foot, with (their) feet
• pādaiḥ: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (तृतीया), Plural (बहुवचन)

• vikṛṣṭam: long, drawn-out
• vikṛṣṭam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vikṛṣṭa (कृदन्त; √kṛṣ धातु)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन); Past passive participle (क्त) used adjectivally

• adhvānam: journey, path
• adhvānam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: adhvan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• āgatāḥ: have come
• āgatāḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: āgata (कृदन्त; √gam धातु)
• Form: Past active participle (क्त) used predicatively; Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन) agreeing with 'vānaryaḥ/vallabhāḥ'

• kim: why?
• kim: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/प्रश्न)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: kim (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Interrogative particle used adverbially (प्रश्नार्थक-अव्यय)

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: Negation particle (निषेध-अव्यय)

• budhyase: do you understand/realize
• budhyase: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √budh (धातु)
• Form: Present (लट्), 2nd person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); Ātmanepada (आत्मनेपद)

Context

'O monkey! a single arrow from Rama who appeared in the forest in the form of death dragged you away from us and turned us all into widows.

Characters & Entities

• Tārā
• Vāli

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

It highlights relational dharma: a ruler’s life affects dependents; their suffering reveals the ethical weight of kingship and household responsibility.

What is the narrative situation?

Tārā draws attention to Vāli’s wives who have come a long distance to see him, but he lies unresponsive.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Empathy and advocacy—Tārā speaks on behalf of the widows and the community of dependents.