Shloka 1

अयोध्याकाण्डे द्विषष्टितमः सर्गः

Kausalyā consoles Daśaratha; grief, remorse, and nightfall

Devanagari script

एवं तु क्रुद्धया राजा राममात्रा सशोकया।श्रावितः परुषं वाक्यं चिन्तयामास दुःखितः।।।।

Transliteration

evaṃ tu kruddhayā rājā rāma-mātrā sa-śokayā | śrāvitaḥ paruṣaṃ vākyaṃ cintayām āsa duḥkhitaḥ || 2.62.1 ||

Translation

രാമമാതാവിന്റെ ക്രോധവും ശോകവും നിറഞ്ഞ കഠിനവാക്കുകൾ കേൾക്കേണ്ടിവന്ന രാജാവ്, ദുഃഖിതനായി വ്യാകുലചിന്തയിൽ മുങ്ങി.

Word by Word

• एवम्: thus, in that way
• एवम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/क्रियाविशेषण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम् (अव्यय)
• Form: प्रकारवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of manner)

• तु: but, indeed
• तु: सम्बन्ध (Discourse particle/सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/विरोधार्थक-अव्यय (particle: but/indeed)

• क्रुद्धया: by (her) angry (state)
• क्रुद्धया: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त; √क्रुध् धातु)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कृदन्त-भूतकृत् (PPP) ‘angry’; ‘राममात्रा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• राजा: the king
• राजा: कर्ता (Karta/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• राम-मात्रा: by Rama's mother
• राम-मात्रा: करण (Karana/करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: राम (प्रातिपदिक) + मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः) ‘रामस्य माता’

• स-शोकया: by (her) sorrowful (state)
• स-शोकया: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: स (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + शोक (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; कर्मधारयः/उपपद-समासः ‘शोकेन सह’ = sorrowful; ‘राममात्रा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• श्रावितः: was made to hear
• श्रावितः: क्रिया (Passive predicate/कर्मणि-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √श्रु (धातु) + णिच् (causative) → श्रावित (कृदन्त; PPP)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकृत् (PPP) ‘made to hear’; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्मणि-प्रयोगार्थः (passive sense)

• परुषम्: harsh
• परुषम्: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; ‘वाक्यम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• वाक्यम्: words, speech
• वाक्यम्: कर्म (Karma/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• चिन्तयामास: pondered, reflected
• चिन्तयामास: क्रिया (Verb/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √चिन्त् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद; ‘pondered’

• दुःखितः: distressed
• दुःखितः: विशेषण (Adjectival qualifier/विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दुःखित (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-निष्ठा)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; ‘राजा’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

Context

Forced to hear the harsh words of angry Kausalya, the king, deeply distressed, was absorbed in sad thought.

Characters & Entities

• Dasharatha
• Kausalya
• Rama

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes accountability: harsh speech born of grief has consequences, and a ruler bound by vows must confront the suffering his decisions have caused.

What is the narrative situation?

After Kausalya’s bitter reproach, Dasharatha is left shaken and reflects in sorrow.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Dasharatha’s conscience and moral burden are emphasized—he does not dismiss the reproach but inwardly wrestles with it.