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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 30

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

अतो नु किं दुःखतरं सोऽहमिक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्।इमामवस्थामापन्नो नेह पश्यामि राघवम्।।2.59.30।।

ato nu kiṃ duḥkhataraṃ so 'ham ikṣvākunandanaṃ | imām avasthām āpanno neha paśyāmi rāghavam || 2.59.30 ||

ഇതിലധികം ദുഃഖകരമായത് എന്തുണ്ട്? ഞാൻ ഇങ്ങനെ അവസ്ഥയിൽ വീണിട്ടും ഇക്ഷ്വാകുവംശത്തിന്റെ ആനന്ദമായ രാഘവനെ ഇവിടെ കാണുന്നില്ല.

अतःthan this / therefore
अतः:
Hetu (हेतुः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootatas (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (अव्यय), ablative-sense adverb (तसिल्-अर्थ) "from this/therefore/than this"
नुindeed?, pray
नु:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnu (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya interrogative/emphatic particle (प्रश्न/अनुनासिक-निपात)
किम्what
किम्:
Prashna (प्रश्नः)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (किम्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, napuṃsaka prathamā/dvitīyā ekavacana; used interrogatively with comparative
दुःखतरम्more painful
दुःखतरम्:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootduḥkha (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka prathamā/dvitīyā ekavacana; comparative degree (तर-प्रत्यय) "more sorrowful"
सःthat (one), such
सः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (तद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, puṃliṅga prathamā ekavacana
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (अस्मद्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, prathamā ekavacana
इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्the delight of the Ikshvaku line
इक्ष्वाकुनन्दनम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootikṣvāku + nandana (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga dvitīyā ekavacana; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष—"इक्ष्वाकूणां नन्दनम्" (delight of the Ikshvakus); in apposition to "राघवम्" as object
इमाम्this
इमाम्:
Visheshana (विशेषणम्)
TypeAdjective
Rootidam (इदम्) (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga dvitīyā ekavacana; demonstrative adjective qualifying अवस्थाम्
अवस्थाम्condition, state
अवस्थाम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootavasthā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormStrīliṅga dvitīyā ekavacana
आपन्नःhaving reached
आपन्नः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootā-√pad (पद्) (धातु) + kta (क्त)
FormKridanta past participle (क्त), puṃliṅga prathamā ekavacana; predicative to "अहम्" = "having reached"
not
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormNegation particle
इहhere, now
इह:
Adhikarana (अधिकरणम्)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiha (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya deictic adverb (देशवाचक) "here/now"
पश्यामिI see
पश्यामि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दृश्) (धातु)
FormLaṭ present, uttama-puruṣa ekavacana, parasmaipada
राघवम्Raghava (Rama)
राघवम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrāghava (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga dvitīyā ekavacana

What else can be of greater sorrow to me who having reached this state, am still unable to see Rama?

D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma (Rāghava)
I
Ikṣvāku dynasty

FAQs

It shows the ethical realism of acknowledging suffering truthfully (satya) while implicitly valuing the righteous heir (Rāma) as the upholder of dynastic dharma.

Daśaratha, debilitated by grief, laments that despite his condition he still cannot see Rāma.

Rāma’s role as the ‘delight’ and moral center of the Ikṣvāku line; Daśaratha’s sincerity in grief.