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Ramayana — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 59, Shloka 20

एकोनषष्ठितमः सर्गः (Sarga 59): सुमन्त्रवाक्यं, अयोध्याविषादः, दाशरथिशोकसागरः

अप्रहृष्टमनुष्या च दीननागतुरङ्गमा।आर्तस्वरपरिम्लाना विनिश्श्वसितनिस्स्वना।।2.59.19।।निरानन्दा महाराज रामप्रव्राजनातुरा।कौसल्या पुत्रहीनेव अयोध्या प्रतिभाति मा।।2.59.20।।

nirānandā mahārāja rāma-pravrājanāturā |

kausalyā putra-hīneva ayodhyā pratibhāti mā ||2.59.20||

മഹാരാജാവേ, രാമന്റെ വനവാസം മൂലം വ്യഥിതയും ആനന്ദരഹിതയും ആയ അയോധ്യ എനിക്ക് പുത്രവിയോഗിനിയായ കൗസല്യയെപ്പോലെ തന്നെയായി തോന്നുന്നു.

nirānandājoyless
nirānandā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootnirānanda (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
mahārājaO great king
mahārāja:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधनम्/Address)
TypeNoun
Rootmahārāja (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन (Singular)
rāma-pravrājana-āturādistressed by Rama's exile
rāma-pravrājana-āturā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootrāma (प्रातिपदिक) + pravrājana (प्रातिपदिक) + ātura (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'distressed because of Rama's exile'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
kausalyāKausalya
kausalyā:
Upamāna (उपमानम्/Standard of comparison)
TypeNoun
Rootkausalyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
putrahīnāsonless / bereft of her son
putrahīnā:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषणम्/Qualifier)
TypeAdjective
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक) + hīna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (determinative: 'deprived of a son'); स्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
ivalike
iva:
Upamā (उपमा/Comparison marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमा-वाचक-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
ayodhyāAyodhya
ayodhyā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootayodhyā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/1st), एकवचन (Singular)
pratibhātiappears
pratibhāti:
Kriya (क्रिया/Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootprati+bhā (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), आत्मनेपद; अर्थे: 'appears/seems'
to me
:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदानम्/Experiencer 'to me')
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसर्वनाम; चतुर्थी/द्वितीया-एकवचनरूप (to me/me; enclitic form)

O maharaja, Ayodhya is filled with cheerless people with deep sighs, agonised voices and pale faces depressed and distressed due to Rama's exile. (Even) elephants and horses look spiritless. For me it (the city) resembles (dejected) Kausalya deprived of her son.

A
Ayodhya
R
Rama
D
Daśaratha (addressed as mahārāja)
K
Kausalyā

FAQs

Dharma underscores the duty of rulers to protect the moral and emotional welfare of the realm; unjust exile of the righteous harms the entire ‘body’ of the kingdom.

Sumantra concludes his description by comparing the city’s desolation to Kausalyā’s personal bereavement.

Kausalyā’s maternal devotion and Rama’s irreplaceable place in the hearts of both family and city.