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Shloka 15

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

यः सुखेषूपधानेषु शेते चन्दनरूषितः।वीज्यमानो महार्हाभिः स्त्रीभिर्मम सुतोत्तमः।।।।स नूनं क्वचिदेवाद्य वृक्षमूलमुपाश्रितः।काष्ठं वा यदि वाश्मानमुपधाय शयिष्यते।।।।

yaḥ sukheṣūpadhāneṣu śete candanarūṣitaḥ | vījyamāno mahārhābhiḥ strībhir mama sutottamaḥ || sa nūnaṃ kvacid evādya vṛkṣamūlam upāśritaḥ | kāṣṭhaṃ vā yadi vāśmānam upadhāya śayiṣyate ||

എന്റെ ശ്രേഷ്ഠപുത്രൻ—ഒരിക്കൽ സുഖകരമായ തലയണകളിൽ ശയിച്ചു, ചന്ദനലേപം പൂശി സുഗന്ധിതനായി, മഹാര്ഹസ്ത്രീകൾ വീശിക്കൊണ്ടിരുന്നവൻ—ഇന്ന് നിശ്ചയം എവിടെയോ വൃക്ഷമൂലത്തിൽ ആശ്രയിച്ച്, തലക്കീഴെ ഒരു മരക്കഷണമോ കല്ലോ വെച്ച് ശയിക്കും.

yaḥwho
yaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (relative pronoun)
sukheṣucomfortable/luxurious
sukheṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootsukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन; ‘उपधानेषु’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
upadhāneṣuon cushions/pillows
upadhāneṣu:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootupadhāna (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी बहुवचन (locative plural)
śetelies/sleeps
śete:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śī (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
candana-rūṣitaḥsmeared with sandal paste
candana-rūṣitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootcandana + rūṣita (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (चन्दनेन रूषितः = smeared with sandal), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘यः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्; √ruṣ/√ruṣa? (रूषित = anointed/smeared, lexical)
vījyamānaḥbeing fanned
vījyamānaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√vīj (धातु)
Formशानच्-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमानकृदन्त (present passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; कर्मणि: ‘being fanned’
mahārhābhiḥby noble/precious (women)
mahārhābhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeAdjective
Rootmahārha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; ‘स्त्रीभिः’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
strībhiḥby women
strībhiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootstrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (instrumental plural)
mamamy
mama:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी एकवचन (genitive singular)
sutottamaḥbest of my sons
sutottamaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsuta + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (सुतानाम् उत्तमः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन (correlative)
nūnamsurely
nūnam:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootnūnam (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चय-अव्यय (certainly)
kvacitsomewhere
kvacit:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootkvacit (अव्यय)
Formदेश-अव्यय (somewhere)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
Formअवधारण-अव्यय
adyatoday/now
adya:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
Formकाल-अव्यय (today/now)
vṛkṣa-mūlamthe foot/root of a tree
vṛkṣa-mūlam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛkṣa + mūla (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (वृक्षस्य मूलम्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
upāśritaḥhaving resorted to
upāśritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootupa√śri (धातु)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन; ‘having taken refuge/approached’
kāṣṭhama piece of wood/log
kāṣṭham:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkāṣṭha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-अव्यय (disjunctive ‘or’)
yadiif
yadi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyadi (अव्यय)
Formशर्त-अव्यय (if)
or
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvā (अव्यय)
Formविकल्प-अव्यय (or)
aśmānama stone
aśmānam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootaśman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
upadhāyahaving placed/used as support
upadhāya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootupa√dhā (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund), ‘having placed (as a pillow)’
śayiṣyatewill sleep/lie down
śayiṣyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√śī (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकार (Simple future), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

Rama, the best of all my sons who, smeared with sandalpaste and fanned by graceful women used to sleep (with his head) on comfortable cushions will surely, from now on, lie down somewhere at the foot of a tree, (his head) pillowed upon a piece of wood or stone.

D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma
F
Forest (vana)

FAQs

Dharma is portrayed as renunciation for truth and duty: Rāma accepts hardship in place of royal comfort, embodying steadfastness to a higher obligation.

Daśaratha imagines the contrast between Rāma’s former palace life and his imminent forest life—sleeping under trees with crude supports.

Rāma’s endurance and willingness to sacrifice comfort to uphold satya (truthfulness) and dharma.