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Shloka 11

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

हत्वेव ब्राह्मणं कामात् स्पृष्ट्वाग्निमिव पाणिना।अन्वतप्यत धर्मात्मा पुत्रं सञ्चिन्त्य तापसम् ।।।।

hatveva brāhmaṇaṃ kāmāt spṛṣṭvāgnim iva pāṇinā |

anvatapyata dharmātmā putraṃ sañcintya tāpasam || 2.42.11 ||

ധർമ്മാത്മാവായ രാജാവ് തപസ്സിയുടെ വേഷത്തിലുള്ള തന്റെ പുത്രനെ ഓർത്ത് പശ്ചാത്താപത്തിൽ കത്തിക്കൊണ്ടിരുന്നു—കാമവശാൽ ബ്രാഹ്മണഹത്യ ചെയ്തതുപോലെ, അല്ലെങ്കിൽ കൈകൊണ്ട് അഗ്നിയെ സ്പർശിച്ചതുപോലെ.

hatvāhaving killed
hatvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√han (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund), ‘having slain’
ivaas if/like
iva:
Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमान-अव्यय (particle of comparison)
brāhmaṇama brahmin
brāhmaṇam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootbrāhmaṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
kāmātout of desire/impulse
kāmāt:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeNoun
Rootkāma (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी एकवचन (ablative singular); हेतौ (cause)
spṛṣṭvāhaving touched
spṛṣṭvā:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√spṛś (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund), ‘having touched’
agnimfire
agnim:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootagni (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
ivaas if/like
iva:
Upamāna-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiva (अव्यय)
Formउपमान-अव्यय
pāṇināwith the hand
pāṇinā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpāṇi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया एकवचन (instrumental singular)
anvatapyatawas tormented/grieved
anvatapyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootanu√tap (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (Imperfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद
dharmātmāthe righteous-souled one
dharmātmā:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma + ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
Formबहुव्रीहि-समास (धर्मः आत्मा यस्य सः), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा एकवचन
putramson
putram:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन
sañcintyaremembering
sañcintya:
Pūrvakāla-kriyā (पूर्वकालक्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam√cint (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त (gerund), ‘having thought of/remembered’
tāpasamas an ascetic
tāpasam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Roottāpasa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन; ‘पुत्रम्’ इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

That virtuous Dasaratha, recalling (the sight of) his son with the robes of an ascetic, burned with remorse as if he had intentionally slain a brahmin or placed his hand in fire.

D
Daśaratha
R
Rāma
B
brāhmaṇa
A
agni (fire)
T
tāpasa (ascetic)

FAQs

The verse frames moral anguish through grave similes: causing harm to the righteous (likened to brahmahatyā) and self-burning consequences (touching fire). It reflects the severity with which dharmic tradition views wrongful suffering inflicted on the virtuous.

After Rāma’s departure, Daśaratha repeatedly recalls the image of his son as an ascetic and is consumed by remorse.

Daśaratha’s moral sensitivity and conscience—his inner recognition of the enormity of the outcome, even if compelled by prior promises.