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Shloka 1

द्विचत्वारिंशः सर्गः — दशरथस्य शोक-विलापः तथा कौशल्यागृह-प्रवेशः

Dasaratha’s Lament and Return to Kausalya’s Apartments

यावत्तु निर्यतस्तस्य रजोरूपमदृश्यत।नैवेक्ष्वाकुवरस्तावत्सञ्जहारात्मचक्षुषी।।।।

yāvat tu niryatas tasya rajorūpam adṛśyata |

naivekṣvākuvaras tāvat sañjahārātmacakṣuṣī || 2.42.1 ||

അവൻ പുറപ്പെട്ടപ്പോൾ ഉയർന്ന പൊടിയുടെ രൂപം ദൃശ്യമാകുന്നത്രയും കാലം, ഇക്ഷ്വാകുവംശശ്രേഷ്ഠനായ ദശരഥൻ തന്റെ കണ്ണുകളെ അതിൽ നിന്ന് പിന്‍വലിക്കാനായില്ല.

yāvatas long as
yāvat:
Kāla-sambandha (काल-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootyāvat (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); correlating temporal particle
tuindeed
tu:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottu (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); particle
niryataḥof (him) departing
niryataḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeAdjective
Rootnir + √yā (या)
FormPresent participle (शतृ); Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन); agreeing with "tasya" (of him who was departing)
tasyaof him (Rama)
tasya:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)
rajaḥ-rūpamthe appearance of dust
rajaḥ-rūpam:
Karta (कर्ता) of "adṛśyata"
TypeNoun
Rootrajas (प्रातिपदिक) + rūpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "form/appearance of dust"
adṛśyatawas visible
adṛśyata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√dṛś (दृश्)
FormImperfect (लङ्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); ātmanepada; passive sense "was seen/appeared"
nanot
na:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootna (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); negation
evaat all/indeed
eva:
Avadhāraṇa (अवधारण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); emphatic particle
ikṣvāku-varaḥthe best of the Ikshvaku line (the king)
ikṣvāku-varaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) of "sañjahāra"
TypeNoun
Rootikṣvāku (प्रातिपदिक) + vara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); tatpuruṣa: "best of the Ikṣvākus"
tāvatso long
tāvat:
Kāla-sambandha (काल-सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Roottāvat (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable (अव्यय); correlative temporal particle
sañjahārawithdrew; drew back
sañjahāra:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootsam + √hṛ (हृ)
FormPerfect (लिट्), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada
ātma-cakṣuṣīhis eyes
ātma-cakṣuṣī:
Karma (कर्म) of "sañjahāra"
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + cakṣus (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Dual (द्विवचन); tatpuruṣa: "his own two eyes"

As long as the dust raised by the wheels of the chariot of Rama (who was departing to the forest) was visible, Dasaratha, the best of the Ikshvakus, could not withdraw his eyes (from Rama).

R
Rāma
D
Daśaratha
I
Ikṣvāku dynasty

FAQs

It presents the emotional cost of dharma-bound decisions: even a king who upholds a pledge experiences profound personal suffering, revealing dharma’s gravity beyond abstract rule.

As Rāma departs, Daśaratha keeps staring until even the dust of the chariot is no longer visible.

Daśaratha’s deep paternal love and the sincerity of his anguish—his gaze cannot detach from the last trace of his son.