Valmiki Ramayana 2.40.5 — Ayodhya Kanda, Sarga 40, Shloka 5

प्रयाणवर्णनम्

Departure from Ayodhya; Civic Lament and the Chariot’s Urgency

Devanagari script

सृष्टस्त्वं वनवासाय स्वनुरक्तस्सुहृज्जने।रामे प्रमादं मा कार्षीः पुत्र भ्रातरि गच्छति।।।।

Transliteration

sṛṣṭas tvaṃ vanavāsāya svanuraktaḥ suhṛjjane |

rāme pramādaṃ mā kārṣīḥ putra bhrātari gacchati ||

Translation

നീ പ്രിയ സുഹൃത്തുക്കളോടു അത്യന്തം സ്നേഹബന്ധമുള്ളവനായാലും, നിനക്ക് വനവാസം നിശ്ചിതമാണ്. മകനേ, സഹോദരൻ രാമൻ പുറപ്പെടുമ്പോൾ അവനെക്കുറിച്ച് അശ്രദ്ധ കാണിക്കരുത്.

Word by Word

• sṛṣṭaḥ: sent/appointed
• sṛṣṭaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sṛj (धातु)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; predicate adjective to त्वम्

• tvam: you
• tvam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yusmad (सर्वनाम प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: 2nd person pronoun, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular

• vana-vāsāya: for forest-dwelling
• vana-vāsāya: Sampradāna/Prayojana (सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana (प्रातिपदिक) + vāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Dative (4th/चतुर्थी), Singular; purpose (प्रयोजन)

• sva-anuraktaḥ: deeply attached
• sva-anuraktaḥ: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sva (प्रातिपदिक) + anurakta (कृदन्त; रञ्ज् धातु)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular; PPP (क्त) ‘deeply attached’

• suhṛt-jane: among loved friends/kinsmen
• suhṛt-jane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: suhṛt (प्रातिपदिक) + jana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘among dear people/friends’

• rāme: in/with regard to Rama
• rāme: Viṣaya-adhikaraṇa (विषयाधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: rāma (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘with regard to Rama’

• pramādam: negligence
• pramādam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pramāda (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular

• mā: do not
• mā: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: mā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya; prohibitive particle used with imperative/optative (निषेध)

• kārṣīḥ: do (you)
• kārṣīḥ: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: kṛ (धातु)
• Form: Loṭ (Imperative/लोट्), Parasmaipada, 2nd Person (मध्यमपुरुष), Singular; prohibitive with mā

• putra: O son
• putra: Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
• Type: Noun
• Root: putra (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Vocative (8th/सम्बोधन), Singular

• bhrātari: in/when (your) brother
• bhrātari: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: bhrātṛ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; ‘when/while (your) brother…’

• gacchati: goes
• gacchati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: gam (धातु)
• Form: Laṭ (Present/लट्), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person, Singular

Context

Although deeply attached to your beloved ones, O Son, you are born to dwell in the forest. Never be inattentive towards your brother Rama who is on his way (to the forest).

Characters & Entities

• Rāma
• Lakṣmaṇa
• forest (vana)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Bhrātṛ-dharma (brotherly duty): unwavering attentiveness and protective support toward one’s elder brother who walks the path of satya and duty.

What is the narrative situation?

An elder (likely Daśaratha) instructs a son (likely Lakṣmaṇa) that forest-life is his lot and warns him to remain vigilant in service to Rāma during the journey/exile.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Sevā (service) and apramāda (non-negligence/vigilance) in supporting dharma through loyal companionship.