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Shloka 43

Devanagari script

कच्चिच्चैत्यशतैर्जुष्ट स्सुनिविष्टजनाकुलः।देवस्थानैः प्रपाभिश्च तटाकैश्चोपशोभितः।।।।प्रहृष्टनरनारीकस्समाजोत्सवशोभितः।सुकृष्टसीमा पशुमान्हिंसाभिः परिवर्जितः।।।।अदेवमातृको रम्य श्श्वापदैः परिवर्जितः।परित्यक्तो भयैस्सर्वैः खनिभिश्चोपशोभितः।।।।विवर्जितो नरैः पापैर्मम पूर्वै स्सुरक्षितः।कच्चिज्जनपदस्स्फीतः सुखं वसति राघव।।।।

Transliteration

kaccic caityaśatair juṣṭaḥ suniviṣṭajanākulaḥ | devāstānaiḥ prapābhiś ca taṭākaiś copaśobhitaḥ ||

prahṛṣṭanaranārīkaḥ samājotsavaśobhitaḥ | sukṛṣṭasīmā paśumān hiṃsābhiḥ parivarjitaḥ ||

adevamātṛko ramyaḥ śvāpadaiḥ parivarjitaḥ | parityakto bhayaiḥ sarvaiḥ khanibhiś copaśobhitaḥ ||

vivarjito naraiḥ pāpair mama pūrvaiḥ surakṣitaḥ | kaccij janapadaḥ sphītaḥ sukhaṃ vasati rāghava ||

Translation

ഓ രാഘവ, ജനപദം സമൃദ്ധമായി സുഖത്തോടെ വസിക്കുന്നുണ്ടോ? നൂറുകണക്കിന് ചൈത്യങ്ങളാൽ അലങ്കൃതം, നന്നായി സ്ഥാപിതവും ജനസമൂഹം നിറഞ്ഞതും; ദേവസ്ഥാനങ്ങൾ, പ്രപകൾ, തടാകങ്ങൾ എന്നിവകൊണ്ട് ശോഭിതം; ഉല്ലസിത നരനാരികളാൽ നിറഞ്ഞ് സമൂഹോത്സവങ്ങളുടെ ഭംഗിയാൽ ദീപ്തം; നന്നായി ഉഴുത അതിരുകളുള്ളതും പശുസമ്പത്തിയുള്ളതും ഹിംസാവിരഹിതവും; രമണീയവും മഴയെ ആശ്രയിക്കാത്തതും ശ്വാപദവിരഹിതവും; സർവ്വഭയങ്ങൾ വിട്ടൊഴിഞ്ഞതും ഖനികളാൽ അലങ്കൃതവും; പാപജനങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് വിമുക്തമായി, എന്റെ പൂർവ്വികരുടെ കാലത്തെപ്പോലെ സുസുരക്ഷിതമായി—അങ്ങനെ ജനപദം സുഖത്തോടെ വസിക്കുന്നുണ്ടോ?

Word by Word
कच्चित्I hope / is it the case that
कच्चित्:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-प्रश्नसूचक (sentence interrogative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययम् (interrogative particle: 'whether?/I hope')
चैत्यशतैःwith hundreds of sanctuaries/shrines
चैत्यशतैः:
करण (instrument/means)
TypeNoun
Rootचैत्य + शत (प्रातिपदिके; समासः)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; 'by/with hundreds of shrines')
जुष्टःendowed / furnished
जुष्टः:
विशेषण (qualifier of जनपदः)
TypeAdjective
Root√जुष् (धातु) → जुष्ट (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (past passive participle: 'endowed/furnished')
सुनिविष्टजनाकुलःcrowded with well-settled people
सुनिविष्टजनाकुलः:
विशेषण (qualifier of जनपदः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + निविष्ट (√विश्, क्त) + जन + आकुल (समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (one whose people are well-settled and numerous/crowded)
देवस्थानैःwith temples/shrines
देवस्थानैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootदेवस्थान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural)
प्रपाभिःwith water-sheds / drinking places
प्रपाभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootप्रपा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; water-sheds/drinking places)
चand
च:
समुच्चय (coordination)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction 'and')
तटाकैःwith tanks/ponds
तटाकैः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootतटाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
उपशोभितःadorned / graced
उपशोभितः:
विशेषण (qualifier of जनपदः)
TypeAdjective
Rootउप + √शुभ् (धातु) → उपशोभित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (adorned/beautified)
प्रहृष्टनरनारीकःhaving joyful men and women
प्रहृष्टनरनारीकः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रहृष्ट + नर + नारीक (समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (one whose men and women are joyful)
समाजोत्सवशोभितःadorned with gatherings and festivals
समाजोत्सवशोभितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसमाज + उत्सव + शोभित (समासः; शोभित = √शुभ् क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; तत्पुरुषः (adorned by assemblies and festivals)
सुकृष्टसीमाhaving well-ploughed fields/land
सुकृष्टसीमा:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + कृष्ट (√कृष्, क्त) + सीमा (समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (one whose boundary/land is well-ploughed)
पशुमान्rich in cattle
पशुमान्:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootपशु + मतुप् (प्रातिपदिक; मतुप्-प्रत्यय)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; मतुपन्तः (possessing cattle)
हिंसाभिःby violence / acts of harm
हिंसाभिः:
करण (with participle 'parivarjitaḥ': 'devoid of')
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; 'by acts of violence')
परिवर्जितःfree from / devoid of
परिवर्जितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + √वृज् (धातु) → परिवर्जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (avoided/devoid of)
अदेवमातृकःnot dependent on rain
अदेवमातृकः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootअ + देव + मातृक (समासः)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; बहुव्रीहिः (not having 'deva' i.e., rain as mother/support; not dependent on rain)
रम्यःcharming / delightful
रम्यः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootरम्य (प्रातिपदिक; √रम् + यत्)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
श्वापदैःby wild animals/beasts
श्वापदैः:
करण (with 'parivarjitaḥ': 'devoid of')
TypeNoun
Rootश्वापद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; wild beasts)
परिवर्जितःfree from / devoid of
परिवर्जितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + √वृज् (धातु) → परिवर्जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
परित्यक्तःabandoned / cast off
परित्यक्तः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootपरि + √त्यज् (धातु) → परित्यक्त (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः
भयैःby fears
भयैः:
करण (with 'parityaktaḥ': 'abandoned of')
TypeNoun
Rootभय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural)
सर्वैःall (kinds of)
सर्वैः:
विशेषण (of भयैः)
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (agreeing with भयैः)
खनिभिःwith mines/quarries
खनिभिः:
करण
TypeNoun
Rootखनि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; mines/quarries)
चand
च:
समुच्चय
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्ययम् (conjunction)
उपशोभितःadorned
उपशोभितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootउप + √शुभ् (धातु) → उपशोभित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्
विवर्जितःdevoid of / free from
विवर्जितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootवि + √वृज् (धातु) → विवर्जित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः
नरैःby men/people
नरैः:
करण (with 'vivarjitaḥ': 'devoid of')
TypeNoun
Rootनर (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural)
पापैःsinful / wicked
पापैः:
विशेषण (of नरैः)
TypeAdjective
Rootपाप (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (agreeing with नरैः)
ममmy
मम:
सम्बन्ध (possessor/relational genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootअस्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) → मम
Formषष्ठी-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (genitive singular pronoun)
पूर्वैःby (my) ancestors
पूर्वैः:
कर्तृ (agent in passive construction with 'surakṣitaḥ')
TypeNoun
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, तृतीया-विभक्तिः, बहुवचनम् (instrumental plural; 'by the former ones/ancestors')
सुरक्षितःwell-protected
सुरक्षितः:
विशेषण
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + √रक्ष् (धातु) → सुरक्षित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्त-प्रत्ययान्तः (well-protected)
कच्चित्I hope / is it the case that
कच्चित्:
सम्बन्ध/वाक्य-प्रश्नसूचक
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकच्चित् (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नार्थक-अव्ययम् (interrogative particle)
जनपदःthe country/realm
जनपदः:
कर्ता (subject of 'vasati')
TypeNoun
Rootजनपद (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (nominative singular; subject)
स्फीतःprosperous / flourishing
स्फीतः:
विशेषण (of जनपदः)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्फीत (प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त-भाव)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, प्रथमा-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (agreeing with जनपदः)
सुखम्comfortably / happily
सुखम्:
क्रियाविशेषण (manner adjunct)
TypeNoun
Rootसुख (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्गम्, द्वितीया-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम्; क्रियाविशेषणवत् (accusative used adverbially: 'comfortably')
वसतिdwells / lives
वसति:
क्रिया (predicate)
TypeVerb
Root√वस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकारः (present), प्रथम-पुरुषः (3rd person), एकवचनम्; परस्मैपदम्
राघवO Rāghava (O Bharata)
राघव:
सम्बोधन (address)
TypeNoun
Rootराघव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्गम्, सम्बोधन-विभक्तिः, एकवचनम् (vocative singular)
Context

My dear brother I trust you are protecting the (impregnable) city of Ayodhya worthy of its name, formerly defended by our heroic ancestors, with its sturdy gates, its elephants, horses and chariots, its thousands of venerable, selfcontrolled and highly energetic brahmins, kshatriyas and vaisyas engaged in their respective professions, filled with palaces of various kinds, abounding in learned people and a prosperous city where everything is available in abundance.

Characters & Entities
B
Bharata
J
janapada (countryside/realm)
C
caitya (shrines)
P
prapā (water stations)
T
taṭāka (tanks/ponds)

FAQs

The king’s dharma includes public welfare: safety from fear, freedom from violence, reliable water and resources, and moral cleanliness (keeping out ‘sinful’ disruptors).

Rāma audits Bharata’s governance by asking about the condition of the wider realm—its infrastructure, security, prosperity, and ethical health.

Lokasaṅgraha (holding society together): ensuring festivals, agriculture, security, and moral order so people live happily.

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