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Shloka 4

शततमः सर्गः — Rāma Questions Bharata on Rājadharma

Governance, Counsel, and Public Welfare

क्व नु तेऽभूत्पिता तात यदरण्यं त्वमागतः।न हि त्वं जीवतस्तस्य वनमागन्तुमर्हसि।।।।

kva nu te ’bhūt pitā tāta yad araṇyaṃ tvam āgataḥ | na hi tvaṃ jīvatas tasya vanam āgantum arhasi ||

പ്രിയ താത, നിന്റെ പിതാവ് എവിടെയുണ്ട്, നീ വനത്തിലേക്ക് വന്നത് എന്തുകൊണ്ട്? അദ്ദേഹം ജീവിച്ചിരിക്കെ നിനക്ക് അരണ്യത്തിലേക്ക് വരുന്നത് യുക്തമല്ല.

क्वwhere
क्व:
अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/locative sense: 'where')
TypeIndeclinable
Rootक्व (अव्यय)
Formप्रश्नाव्यय (interrogative adverb)
नुindeed/then (emphatic)
नु:
सम्बन्ध/निपात (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनु (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; emphasis/interrogative)
तेyour
ते:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/genitive), एकवचन (singular); सर्वनाम (pronoun)
अभूत्was
अभूत्:
क्रिया (Kriyā/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलुङ् (Aorist), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; अर्थ: 'was/became'
पिताfather
पिता:
कर्ता (Kartā/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन
तातdear (child/brother)
तात:
सम्बोधन (Address)
TypeNoun
Rootतात (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन
यत्since/that
यत्:
हेतु/सम्बन्ध (cause/connection marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formसम्बन्धबोधक-अव्यय (relative particle 'since/that')
अरण्यम्to the forest
अरण्यम्:
कर्म (Karma/object: destination)
TypeNoun
Rootअरण्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/accusative), एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्ता (Kartā/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा (1st/nominative), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
आगतःhave come
आगतः:
कर्ता-विशेषण (predicate participle of subject)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम् (धातु)
Formक्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; कर्तरि प्रयोग (agreeing with 'त्वम्')
not
:
निपात (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध (negation particle)
हिindeed/for
हि:
निपात (particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि (अव्यय)
Formनिपात (particle; 'indeed/for')
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
कर्ता (Kartā/subject)
TypeNoun
Rootत्वद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formप्रथमा, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
जीवतःwhile (he is) living
जीवतः:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/genitive)
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत् (प्रातिपदिक; वर्तमान-कृदन्त)
Formशतृ (present participle) → 'जीवत्'; पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसक, षष्ठी (genitive), एकवचन; 'तस्य' इति सम्बन्ध
तस्यof him
तस्य:
सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वनम्to the forest
वनम्:
कर्म (Karma/object: destination)
TypeNoun
Rootवन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; गत्यर्थे कर्म
आगन्तुम्to come
आगन्तुम्:
प्रयोजन/अनुयोग (purpose complement)
TypeVerb
Rootआ-गम् (धातु)
Formतुमुन् (infinitive), गत्यर्थ; 'to come'
अर्हसिought/are fit
अर्हसि:
क्रिया (Kriyā/verb)
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह् (धातु)
Formलट् (present), परस्मैपद, मध्यमपुरुष (2nd person), एकवचन

O dear, now that you have come to the forest, where is our father king Dasaratha? You ought not come to the forest while he is living.

B
Bharata
D
Daśaratha
F
forest (araṇya)

FAQs

Respect for familial and royal order: a prince should not abandon his duties and come to the forest while the king-father is alive, unless compelled by grave cause.

Rāma, surprised to see Bharata in the forest, infers something has happened at court and asks about their father Daśaratha.

Sense of propriety (maryādā) and concern for rightful order within family and state.