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Shloka 40

मायामृगदर्शनम्

The Vision of the Illusory Deer

पुरस्तादिह वातापिः परिभूय तपस्विनः।उदरस्थो द्विजान्हन्तिस्वगर्भोऽश्वतरीमिव।।।।

purastād iha vātāpiḥ paribhūya tapasvinaḥ | udarastho dvijān hanti svagarbho 'śvatarīm iva ||

മുമ്പ് ഇവിടെ വാതാപി തപസ്വികളെ പീഡിപ്പിച്ചു അപമാനിക്കുമായിരുന്നു; അവരുടെ ഉദരത്തിൽ പാർത്തു ദ്വിജന്മാരെ കൊല്ലുമായിരുന്നു—സ്വഗർഭത്തിനുള്ളിൽ നിന്നുതന്നെ അശ്വതരിയെ നശിപ്പിക്കുന്ന ഭ്രൂണത്തെപ്പോലെ.

पुरस्तात्formerly; earlier
पुरस्तात्:
Kala-adhikarana (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुरस्तात् (अव्यय)
Formकाल/देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb: formerly/in front/earlier)
इहhere
इह:
Desha-adhikarana (देश-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइह (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (adverb: here)
वातापिःVātāpi
वातापिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवातापि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
परिभूयhaving overpowered; having humiliated
परिभूय:
Purvakala-kriya (पूर्वकाल-क्रिया)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपरि + भू (धातु)
Formक्त्वान्त (absolutive/gerund), अव्ययभाव: having overpowered/insulted
तपस्विनःascetics
तपस्विनः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्विन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural)
उदरस्थःsituated in the belly
उदरस्थः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootउदर + स्थ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः उदरे स्थितः (situated in the belly)
द्विजान्brahmins; twice-born
द्विजान्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), द्वितीया (Accusative), बहुवचन (Plural)
हन्तिkills; slays
हन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootहन् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present), परस्मैपद (Parasmaipada), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular)
स्वगर्भःits own womb
स्वगर्भः:
Upamana-dharma (उपमान-धर्म/subject of simile)
TypeNoun
Rootस्व + गर्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular); समासः स्वः गर्भः (its own womb)
अश्वतरीम्a female mule
अश्वतरीम्:
Upameya (उपमेय)
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वतरी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), द्वितीया (Accusative), एकवचन (Singular)
इवlike
इव:
Upamana-marker (उपमान-सूचक)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव (अव्यय)
Formउपमानार्थक अव्यय (particle of comparison: like/as)

Earlier in this forest, Vatapi used to humiliate the ascetic brahmins and to kill them by entering into their stomach like a womb killing the female mule.

V
Vātāpi
T
tapasvin (ascetics)
D
dvija (twice-born/brahmins)

FAQs

The verse condemns treacherous violence against the righteous. Dharma demands protection of tapasvins and dvijas, and warns that evil often operates from concealment—harm from ‘within’ rather than openly.

As part of a warning framework, the story of Vātāpi is recalled to illustrate rākṣasa-like deception and hidden harm.

Discernment through precedent: the speaker uses remembered history to guide present action, a key virtue in ethical decision-making.