Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 100

The Origin of the Daṇḍaka Forest and Rāma’s Dharma-Judgment

Vulture vs. Owl

एतच्छ्रुत्वा तु रामो वै सभासद उवाचह । न सा सभा यत्र न संति वृद्धा वृद्धा न ते ये न वदंति धर्मं

etacchrutvā tu rāmo vai sabhāsada uvācaha | na sā sabhā yatra na saṃti vṛddhā vṛddhā na te ye na vadaṃti dharmaṃ

ഇതു കേട്ട് രാമൻ സഭാസദുകളോട് പറഞ്ഞു— “വൃദ്ധർ ഇല്ലാത്തിടം സഭയല്ല; ധർമ്മം പറയാത്തവർ യഥാർത്ഥ വൃദ്ധരുമല്ല.”

एतत्this
एतत्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन
श्रुत्वाhaving heard
श्रुत्वा:
Purvakala (Prior action)
TypeVerb
Root√श्रु (धातु)
Formक्त्वा-प्रत्ययान्त अव्ययकृदन्त (Gerund/absolutive)
तुthen/but
तु:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अन्वय/विरोध-निपात
रामःRama
रामः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराम (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
वैindeed
वै:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; निश्चयार्थक-निपात (indeed)
सभासदःthe assembly-member(s)
सभासदः:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootसभासद् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; (छन्दसि/पाठभेदे) सभासदम् इत्यर्थः
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन
indeed (particle)
:
Discourse particle
TypeIndeclinable
Rootह (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; खलु/स्म इव कथानक-निपात
not
:
Negation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negation)
साthat
सा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
सभाassembly
सभा:
Karta (Predicate nominal)
TypeNoun
Rootसभा (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adverbial (Place)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (relative adverb: where)
not
:
Negation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
सन्तिare
सन्ति:
Kriya (Existence)
TypeVerb
Root√अस् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
वृद्धाःelders
वृद्धाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन
वृद्धाःelders (truly)
वृद्धाः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootवृद्ध (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; पुनरुक्ति (emphatic repetition)
not
:
Negation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
तेthey
ते:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
येwho
ये:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootयद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-सर्वनाम (relative pronoun)
not
:
Negation
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात
वदन्तिspeak
वदन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√वद् (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन
धर्मम्dharma/righteousness
धर्मम्:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

Rāma

Concept: A true assembly requires elders who articulate dharma; age without dharma-speech is not true elderhood.

Application: In meetings and communities, ensure wise voices are present; measure leadership by integrity and dharma-guidance, not mere seniority.

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: vira

Type: city

Visual Art Cues: {"scene_description":"Rāma stands before an assembly, his posture firm yet compassionate, addressing courtiers and elders seated in orderly rows. The hall feels like a moral tribunal—lamps flicker, faces attentive—while Rāma’s words seem to illuminate the space more than the flames.","primary_figures":["Rāma","assembly elders (vṛddhāḥ)","courtiers/sabhāsad"],"setting":"Royal or hermitage-assembly hall with pillars, woven mats, oil lamps, and a central speaking space; subtle Vaishnava symbols (conch/discus motifs) on textiles.","lighting_mood":"temple lamp-lit","color_palette":["warm amber","royal blue","ivory","deep maroon","antique gold"],"tanjore_prompt":"Tanjore painting style: Rāma centered with radiant gold halo, right hand in teaching gesture; elders seated symmetrically on either side; gold leaf on pillars, crowns, and lamp flames; rich reds and greens, gem-studded ornaments, traditional South Indian iconographic framing.","pahari_prompt":"Pahari miniature style: courtly sabhā with delicate architecture; Rāma speaking with restrained elegance; elders with white beards and calm faces; soft pastel palette with cool shadows, refined facial features, narrative clarity.","kerala_mural_prompt":"Kerala mural style: bold outlines; Rāma large-eyed and authoritative; rows of elders in stylized poses; lamp-lit interior suggested by warm reds/yellows; ornamental borders and flat yet powerful composition.","pichwai_prompt":"Pichwai cloth painting style: devotional court scene framed by lotus borders; Rāma as central dharma-speaker; patterned textiles with conch-chakra motifs; deep blues and gold, intricate floral margins, symmetrical arrangement."}

Audio Atmosphere: {"recitation_mood":"authoritative","suggested_raga":"Durga","pace":"moderate-narrative","voice_tone":"authoritative","sound_elements":["temple bells (soft)","assembly hush","oil lamp crackle","conch shell (brief, ceremonial)"]}

Sandhi Resolution Notes: एतच्छ्रुत्वा = एतत् + श्रुत्वा (त् + श् → च्छ्); सभासद उवाचह = सभासदः/सभासदम् + उवाच + ह (पदच्छेदे पाठभेद-संभवः); संति = सन्ति (अनुस्वार-लेखन)

R
Rāma
S
sabhāsadaḥ (assembly members)
V
vṛddhāḥ (elders)
D
dharma

FAQs

A true council requires wise elders, and true elders are defined by their commitment to speak and uphold dharma.

It frames legitimate deliberation as dharma-centered: leadership and counsel are validated by moral speech and guidance, not merely by age or status.

Yes—beyond age, an elder is one who articulates and defends dharma; silence about righteousness disqualifies one from being considered truly ‘vṛddha’ in this context.