Shloka 4

The Āditya-Śayana (Ravi-Śayana) Vow: Night-Meal Discipline, Nakṣatra Limb-Worship, and the Unity of Sūrya and Śiva

Devanagari script

यदा हस्तेन सप्तम्यामादित्यस्य दिनं भवेत् । सूर्यस्य चापि संक्रांतिस्तिथिस्सा सार्वकामिकी

Transliteration

yadā hastena saptamyāmādityasya dinaṃ bhavet | sūryasya cāpi saṃkrāṃtistithissā sārvakāmikī

Translation

ഹസ്ത നക്ഷത്രയുക്തമായ സപ്തമി തിഥിയിൽ ഞായറാഴ്ച വരികയും അതേ സമയം സൂര്യന്റെ സംക്രാന്തിയും സംഭവിക്കയും ചെയ്താൽ, ആ തിഥി ‘സാർവകാമികീ’ എന്നു പ്രസിദ്ധം; അത് സർവ്വകാമഫലപ്രദമാണ്.

Word by Word

• yadā: when
• yadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), temporal adverb (कालवाचक)

• hastena: by/with (the nakṣatra) Hasta
• hastena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: hasta (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन)

• saptamyām: on the seventh (tithi)
• saptamyām: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saptamī (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन)

• ādityasya: of Āditya (the Sun)
• ādityasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: āditya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular (एकवचन)

• dinam: day
• dinam: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• bhavet: would be/occurs
• bhavet: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: bhū (धातु)
• Form: Vidhi-liṅ (विधिलिङ्, optative), Prathama-puruṣa (3rd person/प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन); parasmaipada

• sūryasya: of the Sun
• sūryasya: Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (षष्ठीसम्बन्ध)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sūrya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Genitive (6th/षष्ठī), Singular (एकवचन)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)

• api: also
• api: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: api (अव्यय)
• Form: Avyaya (अव्यय), particle (अपि = also)

• saṃkrāntiḥ: solar ingress (saṅkrānti)
• saṃkrāntiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: saṃkrānti (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• tithiḥ: lunar day (tithi)
• tithiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tithi (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

• sā: that
• sā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); demonstrative pronoun

• sārvakāmikī: fulfilling all desires
• sārvakāmikī: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sārvakāmikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine (स्त्रीलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)

Speaker

Unspecified (context not provided for dialogue attribution)

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: saptamyām + ādityasya → saptamyāmādityasya; ca + api → cāpi; saṃkrāntiḥ + tithiḥ + sā → saṃkrāntistithissā (orthographic doubling in transmission).

Characters & Entities

• Aditya
• Surya

FAQs

What is being defined in this verse?

It defines an auspicious calendrical combination (a yoga) involving Saptamī, the nakṣatra Hasta, Sunday (Āditya’s day), and the Sun’s saṅkrānti, naming it Sārvakāmikī.

What does ‘Sārvakāmikī’ imply in practice?

The term literally means “fulfiller of all desires,” indicating a highly favorable time for vows, worship, gifts, and other religious observances aimed at prosperity and success.

Does the verse relate more to theology or ritual timekeeping?

Primarily to ritual timekeeping (pañcāṅga)—it highlights how specific tithi–nakṣatra–weekday–saṅkrānti alignments are treated as especially meritorious in Purāṇic practice.