Shloka 4

Determination of Expiations for Sexual Transgressions and Improper Associations

Devanagari script

क्षत्त्रियो वापि चांडालीं वैश्यो वा यदि गच्छति । प्राजापत्यं सकृच्छ्रं च दद्याद्गोमिथुनद्वयम्

Transliteration

kṣattriyo vāpi cāṃḍālīṃ vaiśyo vā yadi gacchati | prājāpatyaṃ sakṛcchraṃ ca dadyādgomithunadvayam

Translation

ഒരു ക്ഷത്രിയനോ വൈശ്യനോ ചാണ്ഡാലി സ്ത്രീയോടു ഗമനം ചെയ്താൽ, അവൻ പ്രാജാപത്യ പ്രായശ്ചിത്തവും സകൃച്ഛ്ര തപസ്സും അനുഷ്ഠിച്ച്, പ്രായശ്ചിത്താർത്ഥം രണ്ട് ഗോമിഥുനം (പശു‑കാള ജോടികൾ) ദാനം ചെയ്യണം।

Word by Word

• क्षत्त्रियः: a Kṣatriya man
• क्षत्त्रियः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्षत्त्रिय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle: 'or')

• अपि: also/even
• अपि: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय/अपि-निपात (particle: 'also/even')

• चाण्डालीम्: a Caṇḍāla woman
• चाण्डालीम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चाण्डाली (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन

• वैश्यः: a Vaiśya man
• वैश्यः: Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वैश्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• वा: or
• वा: Sambandha/Discourse particle
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वा (अव्यय)
• Form: विकल्पार्थक-निपात (disjunctive particle: 'or')

• यदि: if
• यदि: Sambandha (Condition marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यदि (अव्यय)
• Form: शर्तार्थक-अव्यय (conditional: 'if')

• गच्छति: goes (to), approaches
• गच्छति: Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: गम् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• प्राजापत्यम्: the Prājāpatya (penance)
• प्राजापत्यम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राजापत्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; (प्रायश्चित्त-नाम)

• सकृच्छ्रम्: the Sakṛcchra (penance)
• सकृच्छ्रम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सकृच्छ्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; (प्रायश्चित्त-नाम)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Connector
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')

• दद्यात्: should give
• दद्यात्: Kriya (Injunction/विधि-क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन

• गोमिथुनद्वयम्: two pairs of cattle (a cow and bull, twice)
• गोमिथुनद्वयम्: Karma (Object/कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: गो (प्रातिपदिक) + मिथुन (प्रातिपदिक) + द्वय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/Accusative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष/निर्देश-समासः (गो-मिथुनस्य द्वयम् = two pairs of cattle)

Speaker

Not specified in the provided excerpt (context needed from surrounding verses).

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: karuna

Sandhi Resolution Notes

Sandhi Resolution Notes: क्षत्त्रियो→क्षत्त्रियः; चांडालीं (cāṃḍālīm) unchanged; दद्याद्गोमिथुनद्वयम्→दद्यात् + गोमिथुनद्वयम्.

FAQs

What is the Prājāpatya penance mentioned in this verse?

Prājāpatya is a classical prāyaścitta (expiatory observance) associated with purification after specific transgressions; it typically involves regulated fasting/food restrictions and disciplined conduct for a set period, as detailed in Dharmaśāstra traditions and sometimes specified differently by text and context.

What does “Sakṛcchra” mean here?

Sakṛcchra is a type of austerity/penance (kṛcchra) involving strict dietary and behavioral restraints; the verse prescribes it as an additional expiatory measure alongside Prājāpatya.

What is the ethical lesson emphasized by this verse?

Within the text’s Dharma framework, the verse presents a model of moral accountability: when a prescribed social/religious boundary is violated, one is directed toward repentance, self-discipline, and restitution through penance and charitable giving.