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Shloka 30

Indra’s Purification and the Limits of Pilgrimage: Four Sinners Seek Release

भवान्को हि सुदुःखात्मा वृक्षच्छायां समाश्रितः । विदुरेण समासेन आत्मपापं निवेदितम्

bhavānko hi suduḥkhātmā vṛkṣacchāyāṃ samāśritaḥ | vidureṇa samāsena ātmapāpaṃ niveditam

നീ ആരാണ്, അത്യന്തം ദുഃഖിതനായി വൃക്ഷനിഴലിൽ അഭയം തേടിയിരിക്കുന്നത്? ചുരുക്കത്തിൽ നിന്റെ സ്വന്തം പാപം എനിക്കു വെളിപ്പെടുത്തുക।

bhavānyou (sir)
bhavān:
Karta (कर्ता/subject) (in interrogative identification)
TypeNoun
Rootbhavat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma-prāya (pronoun-like), Puṃliṅga (masculine), Prathamā vibhakti (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana (singular); sambodhyārtha-prayoga (used in address)
kaḥwho?
kaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/subject) (interrogative: who?)
TypeNoun
Rootkim (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma (interrogative pronoun), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle; no kāraka)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta (particle), emphasis/assurance
suduḥkhātmāvery sorrowful (one)
suduḥkhātmā:
Karta (कर्ता) (as qualifier of subject)
TypeAdjective
Rootsu + duḥkha + ātman (प्रातिपदिक); su- (उपसर्ग/पूर्वपद), duḥkha (प्रातिपदिक), ātman (प्रातिपदिक)
FormBahuvrīhi-samāsa (बहुव्रीहि) = 'whose self is very sorrowful'; Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana; viśeṣaṇa of bhavān/kaḥ
vṛkṣa-chāyāmthe shade of a tree
vṛkṣa-chāyām:
Karma (कर्म/object) (of samāśritaḥ: having resorted to)
TypeNoun
Rootvṛkṣa (प्रातिपदिक) + chāyā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष) 'tree’s shade'; Strīliṅga, Dvitīyā vibhakti (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana
samāśritaḥhaving taken refuge (in)
samāśritaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता) (predicate participle agreeing with subject)
TypeVerb
Rootsam-ā-śri (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKṛdanta past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Puṃliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana; kartari-prayoga sense: 'having taken refuge/resorted'
vidureṇaby Vidura
vidureṇa:
Karta (कर्ता/agent) (of niveditam in passive construction)
TypeNoun
Rootvidura (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā vibhakti (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana
samāsenabriefly / in summary
samāsena:
Karaṇa (करण/instrument)
TypeNoun
Rootsamāsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā (Instrumental/3rd), Ekavacana; karaṇa-bhāva (means/manner)
ātma-pāpamhis own sin
ātma-pāpam:
Karma (कर्म/object) (of niveditam: what was reported)
TypeNoun
Rootātman (प्रातिपदिक) + pāpa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormṢaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (one’s own sin); Napuṃsakaliṅga, Dvitīyā (Accusative/2nd), Ekavacana
niveditamwas reported / was confessed
niveditam:
Kriyā (क्रिया/predicate; passive)
TypeVerb
Rootni-vid (धातु) + kta (कृत् प्रत्यय)
FormKṛdanta past passive participle (क्त/PPP), Napuṃsakaliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative/1st), Ekavacana; karmaṇi-prayoga: 'was reported/declared'

Unspecified (dialogue context not provided in the input excerpt; likely a questioning sage/elder addressing a sorrowful person).

Primary Rasa: karuna

Secondary Rasa: shanta

Type: forest

Sandhi Resolution Notes: bhavān+kaḥ → bhavānko (visarga/ḥ to k); kilbiṣāt+kila etc not in this verse. vṛkṣa+chāyām is a compound; no external sandhi. niveditam is PPP used as finite predicate.

FAQs

It urges a sorrow-stricken person to identify themselves and to state—briefly and clearly—the wrongdoing (pāpa) that caused their distress, highlighting moral causality and self-disclosure.

By linking intense sorrow with “one’s own sin,” it reflects the karmic idea that suffering can arise from prior unethical acts and that acknowledging them is a step toward correction.

It suggests honest, direct accountability—confession without evasion or embellishment—so that guidance, remedy, or atonement can follow.