Pāpa-bheda, Naraka-yātanā, Mahāpātaka-vicāra, Atonement Limits, Daśa-vidhā Bhakti, and Gaṅgā as Final Remedy
विप्रग्रामकरादानं कुर्वतां श्रृणु भूपते । यातनास्वासु पच्यन्ते यावदाचन्द्रतारकम् ॥ ९० ॥
vipragrāmakarādānaṃ kurvatāṃ śrṛṇu bhūpate | yātanāsvāsu pacyante yāvadācandratārakam || 90 ||
ഹേ ഭൂപതേ, കേൾക്കുക—ബ്രാഹ്മണരിലും ഗ്രാമങ്ങളിലും നികുതി ചുമത്തുന്നവർ ചന്ദ്രനും നക്ഷത്രങ്ങളും നിലനിൽക്കുന്നത്രയും കാലം യാതനകളിൽ വേവിക്കപ്പെടുന്നു॥
Narada
Vrata: none
Primary Rasa: raudra
Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka
It frames governance as a karmic responsibility: exploiting sacred/social foundations (Brahmins and settled communities) is portrayed as a grave adharma that leads to prolonged suffering, warning rulers to align policy with Dharma.
While not directly teaching a bhakti practice, it supports bhakti-based life by insisting on dharmic society: protecting the virtuous and avoiding oppression creates conditions where Vishnu-bhakti, yajña, and spiritual study can flourish.
No specific Vedanga (like Vyakarana or Jyotisha) is taught; the verse is primarily Rajadharma—ethical statecraft—using cosmic-time imagery (“moon and stars”) to stress the magnitude of karmic results.