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Narada Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 43

The Origin of the Gaṅgā and the Gods’ Defeat Caused by Bali

मात्रा हीना जना मातर्मृतप्राया न संशयः । गावो वा पशवो वापि यत्र गावो महीरुहाः ॥ ४३ ॥

mātrā hīnā janā mātarmṛtaprāyā na saṃśayaḥ | gāvo vā paśavo vāpi yatra gāvo mahīruhāḥ || 43 ||

അമ്മേ, യുക്തമായ മിതിയും മര്യാദയും ഇല്ലാത്തവർ സംശയമില്ലാതെ മരിച്ചവരെപ്പോലെയാണ്. പശുവായാലും മറ്റ് മൃഗങ്ങളായാലും—എവിടെ പശുവിനെ ഭൂമിയിൽ വേരൂന്നിയ വൃക്ഷംപോലെ വെറും ഭാരവാഹി മൃഗമായി മാത്രം കാണുന്നുവോ, അവിടെ ജീവിതം ജഡമായി അധഃപതിക്കുന്നു.

मात्राby/with a mother; with maternal (presence)
मात्रा:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन
हीनाःdeprived (of)
हीनाः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootहीन (प्रातिपदिक; कृदन्त-विशेषण from √हा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; ‘deprived of’
जनाःpeople
जनाः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootजन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), बहुवचन
मातःO mother
मातः:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootमातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन-विभक्ति (Vocative), एकवचन
मृत-प्रायाःalmost dead
मृत-प्रायाः:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeAdjective
Rootमृत (कृदन्त; √मृ) + प्राय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; कर्मधारयः (मृतप्रायाः = almost dead)
no / not
:
Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेधार्थक अव्यय
संशयःdoubt
संशयः:
Predicative (विधेय)
TypeNoun
Rootसंशय (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
Samuccaya/Vikalpa (समुच्चय/विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय (disjunctive particle)
पशवःanimals
पशवः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootपशु (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
वाor
वा:
Samuccaya/Vikalpa (समुच्चय/विकल्प)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा (अव्यय)
Formविकल्पार्थक अव्यय
अपिalso/even
अपि:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय/अवधारणार्थक अव्यय (also/even)
यत्रwhere
यत्र:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयत्र (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक अव्यय (relative adverb of place: where)
गावःcows
गावः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootगो (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन
मही-रुहाःtrees (earth-growers)
मही-रुहाः:
Predicative/Enumeration (विधेय/गणना)
TypeNoun
Rootमही (प्रातिपदिक) + रुह (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक; √रुह्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (महीरुहाः = those growing from the earth, i.e., trees)

Narada (in dialogue context with the Sanatkumara tradition; vocative 'mātar' indicates an addressed Mother-figure within the discourse)

Vrata: none

Primary Rasa: shanta (peace)

Secondary Rasa: raudra (anger)

FAQs

It teaches that life becomes spiritually inert when people lose “mātrā”—right measure, restraint, and dharmic proportion—resulting in a condition described as ‘almost dead’ even while living.

Bhakti is sustained by dharmic order and compassion; protecting and honoring life—especially through go-sevā—supports sattva and makes the heart fit for remembrance and worship of the Divine.

The key practical principle is “mātrā” (measure/proportion), a foundational idea aligned with Śikṣā (correct regulation/discipline) and ritual propriety—without proper measure, practice becomes fruitless and life declines.