Shloka 1

Adhyaya 90Dharma Teachings

ऋषिर्उवाच। निशुम्भं निहतं दृष्ट्वा भ्रातरं प्राणसम्मितम्। हन्यमानं बलं चैव शुम्भः क्रुद्धोऽब्रवीद्वचः॥

ṛṣiruvāca: niśumbhaṃ nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā bhrātaraṃ prāṇasaṃmitam / hanyamānaṃ balaṃ caiva śumbhaḥ kruddho 'bravīdvacaḥ

ഋഷി പറഞ്ഞു—സ്വപ്രാണസമം പ്രിയനായ സഹോദരൻ നിശുംബൻ ഹതനായതും, സ്വന്തം സൈന്യം നശിക്കുന്നതും കണ്ടു, ക്രോധം നിറഞ്ഞ ശുംബൻ ഇങ്ങനെ പറഞ്ഞു।

ऋषिःthe sage
ऋषिः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (perfect), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; धातु: वच्
निशुम्भम्Niśumbha
निशुम्भम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootनिशुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
निहतम्slain
निहतम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) + निहत (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; निशुम्भम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Hetu (हेतु/पूर्वकर्म)
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु) + त्वा (क्त्वा)
Formक्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), पूर्वकालिक-क्रिया
भ्रातरम्(his) brother
भ्रातरम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootभ्रातृ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
प्राण-सम्मितम्as dear as life
प्राण-सम्मितम्:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootप्राण (प्रातिपदिक) + सम्मित (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास: प्राणैः सम्मितः (तुल्यः/समः); पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; भ्रातरम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
हन्यमानम्being slain
हन्यमानम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeAdjective
Rootहन् (धातु) + हन्यमान (कृदन्त, शानच्)
Formवर्तमानकाले कर्मणि कृदन्त (present passive participle, शानच्), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन; बलम् इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
बलम्army/force
बलम्:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootबल (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय
एवindeed
एव:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formनिश्चय/अवधारण-अव्यय (emphatic particle)
शुम्भःŚumbha
शुम्भः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशुम्भ (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
क्रुद्धःangry
क्रुद्धः:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootक्रुध् (धातु) + क्रुद्ध (कृदन्त, क्त)
Formभूतकर्मणि/भावे कृदन्त (past participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; शुम्भः इत्यस्य विशेषणम्
अब्रवीत्said
अब्रवीत्:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू (धातु)
Formलङ्-लकार (imperfect/past), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; धातु: ब्रू
वचःwords
वचः:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootवचस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन
Medhas Rishi to King Suratha and Samadhi Vaishya
ShumbhaNishumbhaDevi
Chandika (Durga)
ShaktismBattleAttachment (Moha)Anger (Krodha)Destruction of Evil

FAQs

Shumbha's reaction highlights the binding nature of attachment (Moha). Describing Nishumbha as 'pranasammitam' (equal to life) indicates that the ego (Shumbha) is deeply attached to the sense of possession and action (Nishumbha). The destruction of this attachment triggers intense anger, propelling the ego toward its final confrontation with the Divine.

This verse belongs to the Manvantara characteristic of the Purana. Specifically, it is part of the narrative describing the events of the Savarnika Manvantara, where the Devi's intervention is required to restore cosmic balance.

This verse marks the beginning of the final phase of the battle. With the death of the younger brother Nishumbha (representing the 'mine-ness' or attachment to action), Shumbha (representing the 'I-ness' or ego) is now isolated and forced to face the Goddess directly.