Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 31

Adhyaya 53Rudrasarga and the Measure of the Manvantaras: Svayambhuva Manu, Priyavrata’s Line, and the Seven Dvipas

ज्ञेयः पञ्चसु धर्मश्च वर्णाश्रमविभागजः ।

नित्यः स्वाभाविकश्चैव अहिंसाविधिवर्धितः ॥

jñeyaḥ pañcasu dharmaś ca varṇāśramavibhāgajaḥ /

nityaḥ svābhāvikaś caiva ahiṃsāvidhivardhitaḥ

ആ അഞ്ചു പ്രദേശങ്ങളിൽ വർണ്ണ-ആശ്രമ വിഭജനത്തിൽ നിന്നാണ് ധർമ്മം ഉദ്ഭവിക്കുന്നത് എന്ന് അറിയുക. ആ ധർമ്മം നിത്യവും സ്വാഭാവികവും ആകുന്നു; അഹിംസാനിയമം അതിനെ കൂടുതൽ ദൃഢമാക്കുന്നു।

jñeyaḥto be known/knowable
jñeyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Root√jñā (धातु) + ya (कृत् प्रत्यय) → jñeya (कृदन्त प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); क्तव्य/अनीयरर्थक—'to be known' (gerundive)
pañcasuin the five
pañcasu:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootpañca (प्रातिपदिक/संख्या)
FormLocative (7th/सप्तमी), Plural (बहुवचन); numeral used substantively/qualifying (संख्यावाचक)
dharmaḥdharma
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
varṇa-āśrama-vibhāga-jaḥarising from the division of varṇas and āśramas
varṇa-āśrama-vibhāga-jaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootvarṇa (प्रातिपदिक) + āśrama (प्रातिपदिक) + vibhāga (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक/तद्धित)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुषः ('born from the division of varṇas and āśramas')
nityaḥeternal/constant
nityaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootnitya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
svābhāvikaḥnatural/intrinsic
svābhāvikaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootsvābhāvika (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन)
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction/particle (समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय)
evaindeed
eva:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
TypeIndeclinable
Rooteva (अव्यय)
FormEmphatic particle (अवधारणार्थक अव्यय)
ahiṃsā-vidhi-vardhitaḥstrengthened by the injunction of non-violence
ahiṃsā-vidhi-vardhitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootahiṃsā (प्रातिपदिक) + vidhi (प्रातिपदिक) + vardhita (कृदन्त प्रातिपदिक; √vṛdh (धातु) + kta)
FormMasculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन); समासः—तत्पुरुषः ('increased/strengthened by the rule of non-violence')
Narrative voice within the Purāṇic discourse (frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)
DharmaVarṇāśramaAhiṃsāEthics

FAQs

Dharma is presented as both structured (varṇāśrama) and universal (nitya, svābhāvika), with ahiṃsā as a chief enhancer—implying that social duty is legitimate only when it protects life and reduces harm.

Falls under ‘Sthāna’ (ordering of worlds/regions) with a strong ‘Dharma-śāstra’ inflection; it describes how dharma manifests in particular cosmic locales.

Varṇāśrama is treated as an outer scaffold, while ahiṃsā is the inner spiritual criterion; esoterically, the ‘natural’ dharma is the sattvic impulse toward non-injury that purifies the mind across all stations of life.