Shloka 85

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

समाविशन्ति नाशाय चोदयन्तीह दारुणम् ।

अधर्मं धर्मरूपेण कामञ्चाकामरूपिणम् ॥

Transliteration

samāviśanti nāśāya codayantīha dāruṇam / adharmaṃ dharma-rūpeṇa kāmaṃ cākāma-rūpiṇam

Translation

അവർ നാശത്തിനായി പ്രവേശിച്ച് ഇവിടെ ഭീകരമായതിനെ പ്രേരിപ്പിക്കുന്നു—ധർമ്മത്തിന്റെ മറവിൽ അധർമ്മത്തെയും, വൈരാഗ്യത്തിന്റെ മറവിൽ കാമത്തെയും.

Word by Word

• समाविशन्ति: they enter, pervade
• समाविशन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-विश् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• नाशाय: for destruction
• नाशाय: सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन (Sampradāna/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ (dative of purpose)

• चोदयन्ति: they impel, incite
• चोदयन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद्/चोद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• इह: here
• इह: देशाधिकरण (Locative adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place)

• दारुणम्: terrible, cruel
• दारुणम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying implied object)

• अधर्मम्: unrighteousness
• अधर्मम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• धर्म-रूपेण: in the guise of righteousness
• धर्म-रूपेण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('in the form of dharma')

• कामम्: desire
• कामम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अकाम-रूपिणम्: appearing as non-desire
• अकाम-रूपिणम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of कामम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अकाम (प्रातिपदिक) + रूपिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('having the form of non-desire')

Speakers

• Not explicit in provided excerpt; continuation of the allegorical warning

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Moral deception
• Discernment (viveka)
• Psychology of temptation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The gravest danger is not open wrongdoing but wrongdoing disguised as virtue; the verse urges discernment to detect counterfeit dharma and hidden desire.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction (ācāra) rather than pancalakṣaṇa cosmology/genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

It points to ‘viparyaya’ (inversion of cognition): the mind can relabel impulses as virtue, making self-deception the root of downfall.