Shloka 38

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

न विशेषमवाप्रोति तद्वद्योगाग्निना यतिः ।

निर्दग्धदोषस्तेनैक्यं प्रयाति ब्रह्मणा सह ॥

Transliteration

na viśeṣam avāpnoti tadvad yogāgninā yatiḥ / nirdagdha-doṣas tenaikyaṃ prayāti brahmaṇā saha

Translation

അതുപോലെ യോഗാഗ്നിയാൽ തപസ്വി വേറിട്ട ഭേദലക്ഷണം പ്രാപിക്കുകയില്ല; മലം-ദോഷങ്ങൾ ദഗ്ധമായാൽ അവൻ ബ്രഹ്മനോടു ഏകത്വത്തിലേക്ക് പോകുന്നു।

Word by Word

• na: not
• na: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध (negation particle)

• viśeṣam: difference, distinction
• viśeṣam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: viśeṣa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• avāpnoti: attains, obtains
• avāpnoti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava+√āp (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• tadvat: likewise
• tadvat: Sambandha (सम्बन्धः)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tad-vat (प्रातिपदिक: तद् + वत्)
• Form: अव्ययवत् प्रयोग (indeclinable adverbial use): “in that manner/likewise”

• yoga-agninā: by the fire of yoga
• yoga-agninā: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yoga-agni (प्रातिपदिक: योग + अग्नि)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/करण), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (षष्ठी/उपपदभाव: ‘fire of yoga’)

• yatiḥ: the ascetic
• yatiḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yati (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन

• nirdagdha-doṣaḥ: whose defects are completely burnt away
• nirdagdha-doṣaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nir-dagdha-doṣa (प्रातिपदिक: निर् + दग्ध + दोष)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; विशेषण of ‘yatiḥ’; समासः—कर्मधारयः (“defects burnt out”) with उपसर्ग ‘nir-’ (completely)

• tena: by that (means)
• tena: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंसक, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental), एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• aikyam: oneness
• aikyam: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: aikya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• prayāti: goes to, attains
• prayāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra+√yā (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present indicative), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• brahmaṇā: with Brahman
• brahmaṇā: Sahakāraka (सह/साकं)
• Type: Noun
• Root: brahman (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया विभक्ति (Instrumental/सह), एकवचन

• saha: together with
• saha: Sahakāraka (सह)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: saha (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; सहार्थक (postposition/adverb meaning ‘together with’)

Speakers

• Teacher addressing a king
• continuing analogy

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Moksha
• Brahman
• Yoga
• Non-duality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is described as loss of separative identity after purification: the goal is not acquiring ‘specialness’ but dissolving the basis of difference rooted in doṣa/avidyā.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Upadeśa; not pancalakṣaṇa narrative.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘No distinction’ indicates advaita-like realization: individuality persists only as long as impurities and limiting adjuncts (upādhis) remain unburnt.