Shloka 24

Adhyaya 32 — Sankhya Philosophy

Sanskrit

पतितैर्मलिनैश्चैव न पुष्णाति पितामहान् ।

वर्जनीयं तथा श्राद्धे तथोदक्याश्च दर्शनम् ॥

Transliteration

patitair malinaiś caiva na puṣṇāti pitāmahān / varjanīyaṃ tathā śrāddhe tathodakyāś ca darśanam

Translation

പതിതരും അശുദ്ധരുമായുള്ള സമ്പർക്കം മൂലം പിതൃഗണങ്ങൾക്ക് പോഷണം ലഭിക്കില്ല. അതിനാൽ ശ്രാദ്ധത്തിൽ അവരെ ഒഴിവാക്കണം; അതുപോലെ ഉദക്യാ അവസ്ഥയിൽ (ഋതുകാലം) ഉള്ള സ്ത്രീയുടെ ദർശനവും/സാന്നിധ്യവും വर्ज്യമാണ്.

Word by Word

• पतितैः: by the fallen/outcast persons
• पतितैः: Karana (करण/instrumental)
• Type: Noun
• Root: patita (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd case), बहुवचन

• मलिनैः: impure; dirty
• मलिनैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: malina (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, तृतीया, बहुवचन; 'पतितैः' इत्यस्य विशेषणम्

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (emphasis)

• न: not
• न: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negative particle)

• पुष्णाति: nourishes; satisfies
• पुष्णाति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: पुष् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• पितामहान्: the grandfathers/ancestors
• पितामहान्: Karma (कर्म/object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: pitāmaha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd case), बहुवचन

• वर्जनीयम्: to be avoided
• वर्जनीयम्: Kriya (क्रिया—विधेय/impersonal predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वर्ज् (धातु) + अनीयर् (कृदन्त)
• Form: अनीयर्-प्रत्ययान्त विधेयकृदन्त (gerundive), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन; 'to be avoided'

• तथा: likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• श्राद्धे: in the śrāddha rite
• श्राद्धे: Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: śrāddha (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन

• तथा: also
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tathā (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb)

• उदक्यायाः: of a menstruating woman
• उदक्यायाः: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: udakyā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th case), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (conjunction)

• दर्शनम्: seeing; sight (of)
• दर्शनम्: Karma (कर्म—thing to be avoided)
• Type: Noun
• Root: darśana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

Speakers

• Dharmic instruction within Markandeya Purana’s ritual discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Śrāddha
• Pitṛ Pūjā
• Ritual eligibility
• Śauca-āśauca

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The rite is framed as a ‘nourishment’ (puṣṭi) channel for ancestors; ethical and ritual discipline is presented as the condition for efficacy. The emphasis is on guarding the sanctity of the act, not on hostility toward persons.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

This is ācāra-dharma material (ritual norms), ancillary to pancalakṣaṇa. It is best indexed as ‘Smṛti-like injunctions in Purāṇa: Pitṛkarman’.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Patita’ and ‘malina’ symbolize inner disorder; ‘udakyā’ indicates cyclical bodily liminality. Esoterically, the teaching points to maintaining a stable, sattvic field for sankalpa so the offering can ‘reach’ (become subtle food for) the pitṛs.