Shloka 18

Adhyaya 26 — Madālasa Names Alarka and Reorients Him Toward Kshatriya Duty

Sanskrit

सर्वगो न प्रयातीति व्यापी देहेश्वरो यतः /

ततो विक्रान्तसंज्ञेयं मता मम निरर्थिका

Transliteration

sarvago na prayātīti vyāpī deheśvaro yataḥ | tato vikrāntasaṃjñeyaṃ matā mama nirarthikā ||

Translation

ദേഹത്തിനുള്ളിൽ വസിക്കുന്ന സർവ്വവ്യാപിയായ പ്രഭു എവിടെയും ‘പോകുന്നില്ല’; അതിനാൽ എന്റെ അഭിപ്രായത്തിൽ ‘വിക്രാന്ത’ എന്ന നാമം അർത്ഥശൂന്യമാണ്.

Word by Word

• sarvagaḥ: all-going; omnipresent
• sarvagaḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sarvaga (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• na: not
• na: Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध/Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: na (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, निषेध (negation particle)

• prayāti: goes forth; departs
• prayāti: Kriyā (क्रिया/Finite verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: pra-yā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद

• iti: thus
• iti: Vākyasaṃjñā (वाक्यचिह्न/Quotation marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: iti (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, इति-उक्त्यर्थक (quotative particle)

• vyāpī: the all-pervader
• vyāpī: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vyāpin (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); used substantively

• deheśvaraḥ: lord of the body
• deheśvaraḥ: Karta (कर्ता/Subject/apposition)
• Type: Noun
• Root: deha + īśvara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग (Masculine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular)

• yataḥ: because
• yataḥ: Hetu (हेतु/Cause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: yataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, हेतु-अव्यय (because/since)

• tataḥ: therefore
• tataḥ: Hetu/Anvaya (हेतु/Inference marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tataḥ (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय, तस्मात्-अर्थे (ablatival adverb: 'therefore/from that')

• vikrānta-saṃjñeyam: (it is) to be named ‘Vikrānta’
• vikrānta-saṃjñeyam: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vikrānta (कृदन्त from vi-kram धातु) + saṃjñeya (कृदन्त from saṃ-jñā/ज्ञा धातु)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), प्रथमा/द्वितीया (Nom/Acc), एकवचन (Singular); predicate: 'to be called Vikrānta' (saṃjñeya = 'nameable/callable')

• matā: considered; held
• matā: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa/Predicate (विधेय)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: man (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त-भूतकर्मणि-क्त (PPP -ta), स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); agrees with (saṃjñā) implied

• mama: by me; of me
• mama: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: asmad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: षष्ठी (Genitive/6th), एकवचन (Singular)

• nirarthikā: meaningless
• nirarthikā: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण/Predicate)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: nirarthikā (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग (Feminine), प्रथमा (Nom/1st), एकवचन (Singular); predicate adjective (for saṃjñā implied)

Speakers

• Mādālasā to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Immovability of the Self
• Indwelling ruler (antaryāmin) idea
• Critique of bodily-based identity
• Non-duality

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Do not attribute bodily predicates (going, coming, advancing) to the Self. Ethically it encourages steadiness and dispassion: one’s real identity is not the moving body.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Upadeśa (instruction) embedded in narrative; not directly sarga/pratisarga/manvantara/vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘deheśvara’ is awareness illuminating the body. ‘Vikrānta’ is rejected to negate the subtle error that consciousness travels; rather, only appearances shift within consciousness.