Shloka 4

Adhyaya 25 — Madālāsā’s Return, Royal Succession, and the First Teaching to Vikrānta

Sanskrit

ऋतध्वजश्च सुचिरं तया रेमे सुमध्यया ।

निर्झरेषु च शैलानां निम्नगापुलिनेṣu च ॥

Transliteration

ṛtadhvajaś ca suciraṃ tayā reme sumadhyayā | nirjhareṣu ca śailānāṃ nimnagāpulineṣu ca ||

Translation

അപ്പോൾ ഋതധ്വജൻ ആ സുന്ദരമായ സന്നനടുവുള്ള സ്ത്രീയോടൊപ്പം ദീർഘകാലം പർവ്വതജലപാതങ്ങളിലെയും നദീതീരങ്ങളിലെയും ഇടങ്ങളിൽ ക്രീഡിച്ചു।

Word by Word

• ऋतध्वजः: Ṛtadhvaja (the king)
• ऋतध्वजः: कर्ता (Karta/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: ऋतध्वज (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (1st/Nominative), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• सुचिरम्: for a long time
• सुचिरम्: क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial/कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सुचिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/Accusative) एकवचन; क्रियाविशेषण-प्रयोग (adverbial accusative: ‘for a long time’)

• तया: with her / by her
• तया: सहकर्ता/करण (Instrument/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन

• रेमे: enjoyed, sported
• रेमे: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: रम् (धातु)
• Form: लिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद

• सुमध्यया: with the slender-waisted (woman)
• सुमध्यया: सहकर्ता/करण (Instrument/सह)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुमध्या (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/Instrumental), एकवचन; विशेष्य-रूपेण (epithet)

• निर्झरेषु: in waterfalls/cascades
• निर्झरेषु: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निर्झर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• शैलानाम्: of mountains
• शैलानाम्: सम्बन्ध (Genitive/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शैल (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन

• निम्नगा-पुलिनेṣu: on the river-banks
• निम्नगा-पुलिनेṣu: अधिकरण (Adhikaraṇa/Location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: निम्नगा (प्रातिपदिक) + पुलिन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: ‘निम्नगायाः पुलिनम्’); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी-विभक्ति (7th/Locative), बहुवचन

• च: and
• च: सम्बन्ध (Sambandha/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

Speakers

• Narrator (Purāṇic narration; not within Devi Māhātmya frame)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shringara", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Royal household narrative
• Kāma (enjoyment) preceding later vairāgya-instruction
• Setting for Madālasā’s didactic lullaby

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text first depicts legitimate worldly enjoyment (bhoga) within marriage, setting a contrast for the later teaching: even amid prosperity and pleasure, the wise can awaken to discernment (viveka).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Primarily Vaṃśa/vaṃśānucarita (dynastic/royal narrative), a common purāṇic mode used to introduce ethical and philosophical instruction.

What is the esoteric significance?

Waterfalls and riverbanks function as liminal symbols—flow, change, and impermanence—foreshadowing the later non-attachment teaching delivered to the child.