Shloka 30

Adhyaya 16 — The Son’s Counsel on Renunciation and the Anasuya–Mandavya Episode: The Suspension of Sunrise and the Power of Pativrata

Sanskrit

सूर्योदयेऽवशः प्राणैर्विमोक्ष्यति न संशयः ।

भास्करालोकनादेव स विनाशमवाप्स्यति ॥

Transliteration

sūryodaye 'vaśaḥ prāṇair vimokṣyati na saṃśayaḥ / bhāskarālokanād eva sa vināśam avāpsyati

Translation

സൂര്യോദയസമയത്ത് അവൻ നിർബ്ബലനായി പ്രാണം വിട്ടുകളയും—സംശയമില്ല. സൂര്യപ്രകാശം കണ്ടുമാത്രം അവൻ നാശം പ്രാപിക്കും.

Word by Word

• सूर्य-उदये: at sunrise
• सूर्य-उदये: अधिकरण (अधिकरणम्/Locative)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक) + उदय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (सूर्यस्य उदयः)

• अवशः: helpless
• अवशः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अवश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषणम्

• प्राणैः: from (his) life-breaths
• प्राणैः: अपादान/वियोग (separation; with विमोक्ष्यति)
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्राण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), बहुवचन

• विमोक्ष्यति: will be released/will die
• विमोक्ष्यति: क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-मुच् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future/लृट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

• न: not
• न: सम्बन्ध (negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation particle)

• संशयः: doubt
• संशयः: प्रत्यय/भाव (predicate nominal)
• Type: Noun
• Root: संशय (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; ‘न संशयः’ = नास्ति संशयः (elliptic)

• भास्कर-आलोकनात्: from seeing the sun
• भास्कर-आलोकनात्: हेतु (cause)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भास्कर (प्रातिपदिक) + आलोकन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भास्करस्य आलोकनम्)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: सम्बन्ध (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारण-अव्यय (emphasis: just/indeed)

• सः: he
• सः: कर्ता (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन

• विनाशम्: destruction
• विनाशम्: कर्म (कर्म/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन

• अवाप्स्यति: will attain/meet with
• अवाप्स्यति: क्रिया (मुख्यक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव-आप् (धातु)
• Form: लृट् (Simple Future/लृट्), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्

Speakers

• Māṇḍavya (curse utterance)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "raudra", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Surya

Key Themes

• Śāpa (curse)
• Power of tapas
• Fatal consequence
• Cosmic order threatened

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Speech empowered by tapas functions like irrevocable law; therefore restraint and proportionality are essential virtues, especially for the spiritually powerful.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Not a lakṣaṇa unit; it is an ethical-ritual warning narrative about the force of śāpa and its ability to disturb the cosmic rhythm (sunrise).

What is the esoteric significance?

Sunrise signifies awakening/illumination; the curse makes ‘light’ lethal, implying that when one is misaligned with dharma, even truth/illumination becomes unbearable.