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Shloka 59

Adhyaya 15Karmic Retribution: Rebirths After Naraka and the King’s Compassion in Hell

राजोवाच तस्मान्न तावद्यास्यामि यावदेतॆ सुदुःखिताः ।

मत्सन्निधानात् सुखिनो भवन्ति नरकौकसः ॥

rājovāca tasmān na tāvad yāsyāmi yāvad ete suduḥkhitāḥ | mat-sannidhānāt sukhino bhavanti narakaukasaḥ ||

രാജാവ് പറഞ്ഞു—അതുകൊണ്ട്, എന്റെ സന്നിധിയാൽ ഈ അത്യന്തം ദുഃഖിതരായ നരകവാസികൾ സന്തോഷം പ്രാപിക്കുന്നതുവരെ ഞാൻ പോകുകയില്ല।

राजाthe king
राजा:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootराजन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), एकवचन (Singular)
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootवच् (धातु)
Formलिट्-लकार (Perfect), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
तस्मात्therefore
तस्मात्:
Hetu (हेतु)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्यय-प्रयोगः; हेतौ/तस्मात् = ‘therefore/from that reason’ (ablatival sense used adverbially)
not
:
Pratiṣedha (प्रतिषेध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन (अव्यय)
Formनिषेध-निपात (negative particle)
तावत्so long; until then
तावत्:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतावत् (प्रातिपदिक/अव्यय-प्रयोग)
Formअव्यय; परिमाण/काल-पर्यन्त (until/so long)
यास्यामिI shall go
यास्यामि:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootया (धातु)
Formलृट्-लकार (Simple Future), उत्तम-पुरुष (1st person), एकवचन (Singular), परस्मैपद
यावत्until; as long as
यावत्:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयावत् (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; यावत्-तावत् सम्बन्धे ‘until/as long as’
एतेthese (beings)
एते:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootएतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग (contextual), प्रथमा-विभक्ति (Nominative), बहुवचन (Plural)
सुदुःखिताःvery miserable
सुदुःखिताः:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसु + दुःखित (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; ‘दुःखित’ = क्त-प्रत्ययान्त (past participial adjective) with उपसर्ग ‘सु’ (intensifier)
मत्-सन्निधानात्from my presence; due to my being near
मत्-सन्निधानात्:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootमत् (अस्मद्-प्रातिपदिक) + सन्निधान (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति (Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (genitive determinative): ‘my’ + ‘presence’; पञ्चमी = ‘from/owing to’
सुखिनःhappy
सुखिनः:
Kartṛ-samānādhikaraṇa (कर्तृ-समानाधिकरण)
TypeAdjective
Rootसुखिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
भवन्तिbecome; are
भवन्ति:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootभू (धातु)
Formलट्-लकार (Present), प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd person), बहुवचन (Plural), परस्मैपद
नरक-ओकसःthe dwellers of hell
नरक-ओकसः:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootनरक (प्रातिपदिक) + ओकस् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः: ‘नरकस्य ओकसः’ = inhabitants of hell
King → Yamapuruṣa/attendants

{ "primaryRasa": "karuna", "secondaryRasa": "vira", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

DharmaCompassionIntercessionSelf-denialAfterlife (Naraka)

FAQs

The king embodies ‘para-duḥkha-duḥkhitva’—feeling others’ pain as one’s own. He treats his merit as a resource to be shared, not consumed privately.

Ethical instruction (ācāra) via exemplary narrative; not sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara.

Remaining in ‘naraka’ until others are relieved symbolizes the bodhisattva-like impulse within Hindu dharma narratives: liberation/joy is incomplete while compassion remains unfulfilled.