Shloka 23

Adhyaya 12Auttami and Tamasa

भ्राम्यन्ते मानवाः रक्तमुदिगरन्तः पुनः पुनः ।

अस्त्रैर्मुखविनिष्क्रान्तैः नेत्रैरश्रुविलम्बिभिः ॥

bhrāmyante mānavāḥ raktam udigarantaḥ punaḥ punaḥ /

astrair mukha-viniṣkrāntaiḥ netrair aśru-vilambibhiḥ

മനുഷ്യർ വീണ്ടും വീണ്ടും രക്തം ഛർദ്ദിച്ചുകൊണ്ട് ചുറ്റുന്നു—അവരുടെ വായിൽ നിന്ന് ആയുധങ്ങൾ പുറപ്പെടുന്നു; കണ്ണുകൾ കണ്ണീരൊഴുക്കോടെ താഴേക്ക് തൂങ്ങി ഒഴുകുന്നു.

bhrāmyantethey whirl about
bhrāmyante:
Kriya (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√bhram (भ्रम् धातु)
Formलट् (present), प्रथमपुरुष, बहुवचन; आत्मनेपद (they spin/wander)
mānavāḥmen; humans
mānavāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootmānava (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन (masc. nominative plural)
raktamblood
raktam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootrakta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया एकवचन (neut. accusative singular)
udigarantaḥvomiting out
udigarantaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootudi-√gṝ (गॄ/गिर् धातु) + udigirat (शतृ/कृदन्त)
Formशतृ-प्रत्ययान्त वर्तमान कृदन्त; पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा बहुवचन; कर्तरि (present active participle: vomiting/spitting out)
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
Formकाल/पुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय (again)
punaḥagain
punaḥ:
Kriya-Visheshana (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootpunaḥ (अव्यय)
Formपुनरावृत्तिवाचक अव्यय; पुनः पुनः = repeatedly (again and again)
astraiḥwith weapons
astraiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootastra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (neut. instrumental plural)
mukhamouth
mukha:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootmukha (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद (as first member in compound)
viniṣkrāntaiḥthat have come out
viniṣkrāntaiḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootviniḥ-√kram (क्रम् धातु) + viniṣkrānta (क्त/कृदन्त)
Formक्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त (PPP used adjectivally); नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; ‘अस्त्रैः’ इति विशेषण (with weapons that have come out)
netraiḥwith eyes
netraiḥ:
Karana (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootnetra (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन (neut. instrumental plural)
aśrutears
aśru:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootaśru (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; समासपूर्वपद (first member in compound)
vilambibhiḥwith tears hanging down
vilambibhiḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvilambin (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया बहुवचन; बहुव्रीह्यर्थे विशेषणवत् ‘अश्रुविलम्बिन्’ (instrumental plural: with eyes that are tear-hanging)
Narrator (frame-speakers not determinable from excerpt alone)

{ "primaryRasa": "raudra", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Yama (implicit)
Graphic naraka imageryKarmic sufferingDeterrence from pāpa

FAQs

The violent imagery functions as moral pedagogy: harmful speech and harmful deeds rebound upon the doer. The ‘weapons from the mouth’ especially warns against destructive use of speech (vāg-doṣa).

Ancillary dharma instruction through karmaphala depiction, embedded within cosmographic narration of narakas.

Weapons issuing from the mouth can symbolize words turned into instruments of harm; tears suggest the delayed awakening of remorse. The revolving motion indicates bondage to repetitive mental patterns until purification occurs.