Shloka 69

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

एवं क्लेशाननुभवन्नवशः पापपीडितः ।

नीयते द्वादशाहेन धर्मराजपुरं नरः ॥

Transliteration

evaṃ kleśān anubhavann avaśaḥ pāpapīḍitaḥ /

nīyate dvādaśāhena dharmarājapuraṃ naraḥ

Translation

ഇങ്ങനെ ക്ലേശങ്ങൾ അനുഭവിച്ച്, സഹായമില്ലാത്തവനായി പാപപീഡിതനായ മനുഷ്യനെ പന്ത്രണ്ട് ദിവസത്തിനകം ധർമ്മരാജന്റെ നഗരത്തിലേക്ക് കൊണ്ടുപോകുന്നു।

Word by Word

• evaṃ: thus
• evaṃ: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: evaṃ (अव्यय)
• Form: Adverb (क्रियाविशेषण अव्यय)

• kleśān: afflictions
• kleśān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: kleśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• anubhavan: experiencing
• anubhavan: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: anu + bhū (भू धातु) + śatṛ (शतृ)
• Form: Present active participle (वर्तमानकाले परस्मैपदे शतृ), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); agreeing with 'naraḥ'

• avaśaḥ: helpless
• avaśaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: avaśa (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

• pāpa-pīḍitaḥ: tormented by sin
• pāpa-pīḍitaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pāpa (प्रातिपदिक) + pīḍita (कृदन्त)
• Form: Past passive participle (भूतकर्मणि क्त), Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'tormented by sin'

• nīyate: is led
• nīyate: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: nī (नी धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Passive voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular (एकवचन)

• dvādaśa-ahena: in/within twelve days
• dvādaśa-ahena: Karaṇa (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dvādaśa (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + ahan (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); dvigu: 'by (a period of) twelve days'

• dharma-rāja-puram: to the city of Dharmarāja
• dharma-rāja-puram: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: dharma (प्रातिपदिक) + rāja (प्रातिपदिक) + pura (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Accusative (2nd/द्वितीया), Singular (एकवचन), Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग); tatpuruṣa: 'city of the Lord of Dharma (Yama)'

• naraḥ: a man
• naraḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: nara (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular (एकवचन), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग)

Speakers

• Frame-dialogue context not explicit in the provided excerpt (likely an instructive narration within Adhyaya 10)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Dharmarāja (Yama)

Key Themes

• After-death journey timeline
• Karmic consequence
• Yama’s judgment

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The stated ‘twelve-day’ movement emphasizes that death initiates an ordered moral process; it also resonates with the cultural importance of the first days after death as a liminal period requiring dharmic attention.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Dharma and karmaphala narration; not pancalakṣaṇa proper.

What is the esoteric significance?

A fixed period suggests karmic lawfulness rather than randomness; liminality is structured, implying that consciousness passes through determinate stages shaped by past actions.