Shloka 51

Adhyaya 10 — Jaimini’s Questions on Birth, Death, Karma, and the Embodied Journey

Sanskrit

अन्नानि येन दत्तानि श्रद्धापूतेन चेतसा ।

सोऽपि तृप्तिमवाप्नोति विनाप्यन्नेन वै तदा ॥

Transliteration

annāni yena dattāni śraddhāpūtena cetasā / so 'pi tṛptim avāpnoti vināpy annēna vai tadā

Translation

ശ്രദ്ധയാൽ ശുദ്ധചിത്തനായി അന്നദാനം ചെയ്തവൻ, ആ സമയത്ത് അന്നമില്ലാതെയും തൃപ്തി പ്രാപിക്കുന്നു।

Word by Word

• अन्नानि: foods
• अन्नानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (कर्म), बहुवचन

• येन: by whom
• येन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग/नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (करण), एकवचन; सम्बन्धे ‘by whom’

• दत्तानि: given
• दत्तानि: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दा (धातु) + क्त (कृदन्त)
• Form: भूतकर्मणि कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्ययान्त), नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया/प्रथमा, बहुवचन; ‘given’ (passive participle)

• श्रद्धा-पूतेन: purified by faith
• श्रद्धा-पूतेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रद्धा (प्रातिपदिक) + पूत (कृदन्त/प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: तत्पुरुष-समास (श्रद्धया पूतः), पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम् (चेतसा)

• चेतसा: with mind
• चेतसा: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चेतस् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• सः: he
• सः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अपि: also
• अपि: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle); ‘also/even’

• तृप्तिम्: satisfaction
• तृप्तिम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तृप्ति (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन

• अवाप्नोति: attains
• अवाप्नोति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (वर्तमान), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष, एकवचन

• विना: without
• विना: Adverbial (अव्यय-प्रयोग)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: विना (अव्यय)
• Form: उपसर्गसदृश-अव्यय/पूर्वपद; ‘without’ (takes तृतीया)

• अपि: even
• अपि: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात; ‘even’

• अन्नेन: with food (i.e., food itself)
• अन्नेन: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अन्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; विना-योगे

• वै: indeed
• वै: Sambandha/Particle (निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: वै (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (emphatic particle)

• तदा: then
• तदा: Adverbial (कालाधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तदा (अव्यय)
• Form: कालवाचक-अव्यय (adverb of time)

Speakers

• Unspecified in provided excerpt (didactic narration within Markandeya Purana’s dharma material)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhakti", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Dāna (charity)
• Śraddhā
• Karmaphala
• Good death (sukha-mṛtyu)

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Merit depends not only on the act (giving food) but on the inner disposition (śraddhā). Such charity yields inner ‘satiation’ at the liminal moment—suggesting that past dharma becomes psychological and spiritual support when external supports fail.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

This is not directly sarga/pratisarga/vaṃśa/manvantara/vaṃśānucarita; it belongs to ancillary dharma-upadeśa (ethical instruction) commonly embedded in Purāṇas alongside pancalakṣaṇa material.

What is the esoteric significance?

‘Food’ functions as a symbol of life-sustaining prāṇa and social reciprocity; giving with śraddhā purifies the citta so that, at transition (death), one experiences inward fullness rather than craving and fear.