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Shloka 3

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 54 — Missile-Exchange and Tactical Redirection

Arjuna, Aśvatthāman, Karṇa

तेषामनीकानि बहूनि गाढं व्यूढानि दृष्टवा बहुलध्वजानि । मत्स्यस्य पुत्र द्विषतां निहन्ता वैराटिमामन्त्रय ततो5भ्युवाच,उनकी अनेक सेनाएँ थीं और उन सबकी अच्छी तरह व्यूह-रचना की गयी थी। उन सेनाओंमें बहुत-सी ध्वजा-पताकाएँ फहरा रही थीं। शत्रुओंका नाश करनेवाले अर्जुनने उन सबको देखकर विराट॒पुत्र उत्तरको सम्बोधित करके कहा--

teṣām anīkāni bahūni gāḍhaṃ vyūḍhāni dṛṣṭvā bahula-dhvajāni | matsyasya putra-dviṣatāṃ nihantā vairāṭim āmantrya tato 'bhyuvāca ||

അവരുടെ അനേകം സൈന്യവിഭാഗങ്ങൾ ഗാഢമായി വ്യൂഹബദ്ധമായും ധാരാളം ധ്വജപതാകകളാൽ നിറഞ്ഞുമുണ്ടെന്ന് കണ്ടപ്പോൾ, ശത്രുനിഹന്താവായ അർജുനൻ മത്സ്യരാജപുത്രനായ വൈരാടിപുത്രൻ ഉത്തരനെ അഭിസംബോധന ചെയ്ത് പിന്നെ പറഞ്ഞു—

तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
Formall, Genitive, Plural
अनीकानिarmies, divisions
अनीकानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनीक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
बहूनिmany
बहूनि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
गाढम्firmly, densely
गाढम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगाढ
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्यूढानिarrayed, drawn up (in formation)
व्यूढानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootव्यूढ
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
बहुलध्वजानिhaving many banners
बहुलध्वजानि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहुल-ध्वज
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
मत्स्यस्यof Matsya (Virata)
मत्स्यस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमत्स्य
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
द्विषताम्of enemies
द्विषताम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विषत्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
निहन्ताslayer
निहन्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनि-हन् (निहन्तृ)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैराटिम्the prince of Virata (Uttara)
वैराटिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैराटि
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आमन्त्रयaddress!, call!, summon!
आमन्त्रय:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootआ-मन्त्र्
FormImperative, Second, Singular
ततःthen, thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
अभ्युवाचsaid to, addressed
अभ्युवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-वच्
FormPerfect (Parasmaipada), Third, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

V
Vaiśampāyana
A
Arjuna
U
Uttara (son of Virāṭa)
M
Matsya (kingdom/lineage)
E
enemy armies (anīkāni)
B
banners/flags (dhvajāni)
B
battle formations (vyūḍhāni)

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moment where outward signs of power—dense formations and many banners—test inner steadiness. It prepares for Arjuna’s guidance to Uttara: true leadership in dharma is not overwhelmed by spectacle, but responds with clarity, courage, and right action.

As the opposing forces appear in strong, well-arranged battle order, Arjuna observes their readiness and then turns to address Uttara, the prince of Virāṭa (of the Matsya realm), initiating the dialogue that follows in this episode.