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Shloka 39

Virāṭa-parva Adhyāya 33 — Kuru Cattle-Raid and Matsya Mobilization (भूमिंजय-प्रेरणा)

समासाद्य सुशर्माणमश्चानस्य व्यपोथयत्‌ । पृष्ठगोपांश्व॒ तस्याथ हत्वा परमसायकै:

samāsādya suśarmāṇam aśvān asya vyapothayat | pṛṣṭhagopāṁś ca tasyātha hatvā paramasāyakaiḥ ||

സുശർമനെ സമീപിച്ച് അവന്റെ കുതിരകളെ വീഴ്ത്തി; പിന്നെ ഉത്തമ അമ്പുകളാൽ അവന്റെ പിൻഭാഗത്തെ ഗോരക്ഷകരെയും വധിച്ചു.

समासाद्यhaving approached
समासाद्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
सुशर्माणम्Susharman (name)
सुशर्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसुशर्मन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अश्चानस्यof Ashchana (name)
अश्चानस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootअश्चान
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
व्यपोथयत्he struck down / routed
व्यपोथयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-अप-√उथ्/√पुथ् (caus.)
FormImperfect (लङ्), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
पृष्ठगोपान्rear-guards / those guarding the back
पृष्ठगोपान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपृष्ठगोप
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तस्यof him / his
तस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
अथthen
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
हत्वाhaving slain
हत्वा:
TypeVerb
Root√हन्
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
परमसायकैःwith excellent arrows
परमसायकैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootपरमसायक
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural

वैशम्पायन उवाच

वैशम्पायन (Vaiśampāyana)
सुशर्मा (Suśarmā)
अश्व (horses)
पृष्ठगोप (rear-guard cattle-protectors)
परमसायक (supreme arrows)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights kṣatriya-dharma in action: in a just battle, one may disable the enemy’s mobility and support forces to protect the vulnerable (here, the cattle and their defenders) and to end aggression decisively.

The narrator describes a warrior closing in on Suśarmā, striking down his horses, and then killing Suśarmā’s rear-guard cattle-protectors with powerful arrows—an escalation that breaks the enemy’s ability to resist and safeguard the seized cattle.